Osewera ambiri a DIY apeza kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamsika zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PCB.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya PCB ndi yakuda, yobiriwira, yabuluu, yachikasu, yofiirira, yofiira, ndi yofiirira.
Opanga ena apanga zoyera, pinki ndi mitundu ina ya PCB.

M'malingaliro achikhalidwe, PCB yakuda ikuwoneka kuti ili pamtunda, pomwe ofiira, achikasu, ndi zina zotero, ndi otsika odzipereka, sichoncho?

Mkuwa wosanjikiza wa PCB wopanda solder kukana ❖ kuyanika oxidize mosavuta pamene pa mpweya

Tikudziwa kuti kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa PCB ndi zigawo zamkuwa.Popanga PCB, wosanjikiza wamkuwa udzakhala ndi malo osalala komanso osatetezedwa mosasamala kanthu kuti amapangidwa ndi njira yowonjezera kapena kuchotsa.

Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a mkuwa sagwira ntchito monga aluminiyamu, chitsulo, magnesium, koma pamaso pa madzi, kukhudzana kwa mkuwa ndi mpweya kumakhala kosavuta kukhala oxidized;
Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mpweya ndi nthunzi wamadzi mumlengalenga, pamwamba pa mkuwa woyengedwa bwino amakumana ndi okosijeni atangolumikizana ndi mpweya.

Monga makulidwe a mkuwa wosanjikiza mu PCB ndi woonda kwambiri, mkuwa wopangidwa ndi okosijeni udzakhala kondakitala wosauka wamagetsi, zomwe zidzawononga kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a PCB yonse.

Pofuna kupewa makutidwe ndi okosijeni amkuwa, kupatutsa mbali zowotcherera ndi zosagwirizana za PCB panthawi yowotcherera, komanso kuteteza pamwamba pa PCB, akatswiri amapanga zokutira zapadera.
Chophimbacho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta pamwamba pa PCB, kupanga chotetezera cha makulidwe ena ndi kutsekereza mkuwa kukhudzana ndi mpweya.
Chophimba ichi chimatchedwa solder resistance layer ndipo zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi utoto wotsutsa wa solder.

Popeza umatchedwa utoto, payenera kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Inde, utoto wotsutsa wa solder ukhoza kukhala wopanda mtundu komanso wowonekera, koma PCB nthawi zambiri imayenera kusindikizidwa pa bolodi kuti ikhale yosavuta kukonza ndi kupanga.

Transparent solder resistance penti ikhoza kuwonetsa mtundu wakumbuyo wa PCB, kotero kaya imapangidwa, kukonzedwa kapena kugulitsidwa, mawonekedwe ake siabwino.
Chifukwa chake mainjiniya amawonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ku utoto wokaniza solder kuti apange ma PCB akuda kapena ofiira kapena abuluu.

 
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Ma PCB akuda ndi ovuta kuwona mawaya, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonza kukhala kovuta

Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, mtundu wa PCB ulibe chochita ndi mtundu wa PCB.
Kusiyana pakati pa PCB yakuda ndi PCB ya buluu, PCB yachikasu ndi PCB yamtundu wina ili mumtundu wosiyana wa utoto wokana solder pa burashi.

Ngati PCB idapangidwa ndikupangidwa chimodzimodzi, mtunduwo sudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse pakugwira ntchito, komanso sudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo pa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono.

Ponena za PCB yakuda, waya wake wapamtunda watsala pang'ono kuphimbidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zokonzekera mtsogolo, chifukwa chake ndi mtundu womwe siwoyenera kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Choncho, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu pang'onopang'ono kusintha, kusiya ntchito wakuda solder kukana utoto, ndi ntchito mdima wobiriwira, woderapo, mdima buluu ndi zina solder kukana utoto, cholinga ndi atsogolere kupanga ndi kukonza.

Pakadali pano, tili ndi vuto la mtundu wa PCB.
Chifukwa cha maonekedwe a "mtundu woimira kapena otsika" ndi chifukwa opanga amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito PCB yakuda kuti apange zinthu zapamwamba, ndi zofiira, zabuluu, zobiriwira, zachikasu ndi zina zotsika.

Mwachidule, mankhwala amapereka tanthauzo ku mtundu, osati mtundu amapereka tanthauzo kwa mankhwala.

Kodi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali monga golidi, siliva chili ndi phindu lanji ndi PCB?
Mtundu ndi womveka, tiyeni tikambirane za chitsulo chamtengo wapatali pa PCB!
Opanga ena polimbikitsa malonda awo, amatchula mwachindunji kuti mankhwala awo amagwiritsa ntchito golide, siliva plating ndi njira zina zapadera.
Ndiye kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndi chiyani?

Pamwamba pa PCB amafuna kuwotcherera zinthu, ndi gawo la wosanjikiza mkuwa chofunika poyera kwa kuwotcherera.
Zigawo zowonekera zamkuwazi zimatchedwa pads, ndipo mapepala nthawi zambiri amakhala amakona anayi kapena ozungulira ndipo amakhala ndi malo ochepa.

Pamwambapa, tikudziwa kuti mkuwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu PCB umasungunuka mosavuta, choncho mkuwa pa solder pad umawonekera mlengalenga pamene utoto wotsutsa wa solder umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati mkuwa pa pad ndi oxidized, sizovuta kuwotcherera, komanso kumawonjezera resistivity, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yomaliza mankhwala.
Chifukwa chake mainjiniya apanga njira zamitundu yonse zotetezera mapepala.
Monga plating zitsulo inert golide, mankhwala kuphimba pamwamba ndi siliva, kapena kuphimba mkuwa ndi wapadera mankhwala filimu kupewa kukhudzana ndi mpweya.

Pad poyera pa PCB, wosanjikiza mkuwa mwachindunji poyera.
Gawoli liyenera kutetezedwa kuti lisakhale ndi okosijeni.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, kaya golide kapena siliva, cholinga cha ndondomekoyi ndikuteteza oxidation ndi kuteteza mapepala kuti athe kutsimikizira zokolola zabwino panthawi yowotcherera.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosiyanasiyana kumafunika nthawi yosungiramo komanso kusungirako kwa PCB yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Choncho, mafakitale a PCB nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a vacuum kuti aziyika PCB asanamalize kupanga PCB ndi kutumiza kwa makasitomala kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni komwe kumachitika pa PCB mpaka malire.

Pamaso pa zigawo ndi welded pa makina opanga bolodi khadi ayeneranso kudziwa mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa PCB, kuchotsa oxidized PCB, ndi kuonetsetsa zokolola za zinthu zabwino.
ogula chomaliza kupeza bolodi khadi, ndi kudzera zosiyanasiyana mayesero, ngakhale patapita nthawi yaitali ntchito, makutidwe ndi okosijeni pafupifupi zimachitika mu pulagi ndi unplug kugwirizana mbali, ndi pa ziyangoyango ndipo wakhala welded zigawo zikuluzikulu, palibe zotsatira.

Popeza kukana kwa siliva ndi golidi kumakhala kotsika, kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zapadera monga siliva ndi golidi kumachepetsa kutentha komwe kumachokera pakugwiritsa ntchito PCB?

Tikudziwa kuti chinthu chomwe chimakhudza mtengo wa calorific ndi kukana kwamagetsi.
Kukaniza ndi kondakitala palokha zakuthupi, kondakitala mtanda gawo dera, kutalika zokhudzana.
Pad pamwamba zitsulo makulidwe ngakhale zosakwana 0.01 mm, ngati ntchito OST (organic zoteteza filimu) mankhwala pad, sipadzakhala owonjezera makulidwe.
Kukaniza komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi makulidwe ang'onoang'ono ndi pafupifupi zero, kapena zosatheka kuwerengera, ndipo ndithudi sikumakhudza kutentha.