Dangane da zane-zanen da'irar da aka haɓaka, ana iya yin simulation kuma ana iya tsara PCB ta fitar da fayil ɗin Gerber/dill.Ko da wane irin zane ne, injiniyoyi suna buƙatar fahimtar yadda ya kamata a tsara da'irori (da na lantarki) da kuma yadda suke aiki.Ga injiniyoyin lantarki, gano kayan aikin software masu dacewa don ƙirar PCB na iya zama ɗawainiya mai ban tsoro.Kayan aikin software waɗanda ke aiki da kyau don aikin PCB ɗaya bazai yi aiki da kyau ga wasu ba.Injiniyoyi suna son kayan aikin ƙirar jirgi waɗanda ke da hankali, sun ƙunshi fasalulluka masu amfani, sun tsaya tsayin daka don iyakance haɗari, kuma suna da ƙaƙƙarfan ɗakin karatu wanda ya sa su dace da ayyuka da yawa.

Matsalar hardware

Don ayyukan iot, haɗin kai yana da mahimmanci don aiki da aminci, kuma haɗin kai da kayan aiki da kayan aiki a cikin PCBS yana buƙatar masu zanen iot don nazarin hulɗar tsakanin nau'o'in lantarki da na inji na zane.Musamman, yayin da girman sassan ke ci gaba da raguwa, dumama lantarki akan PCBS yana ƙara zama mai mahimmanci.A lokaci guda, buƙatun aiki suna tashi.Don cimma nasarar aikin da aka yi na ƙira, amsawar zafin jiki, halayen kayan lantarki a kan jirgi, da kuma kula da zafin jiki gaba ɗaya suna da mahimmanci ga aiki da amincin tsarin.

Dole ne a ware PCB don tabbatar da kariya.Ana hana gajerun kewayawa ta hanyar kare alamun tagulla da aka sanya akan allo don ƙirƙirar tsarin lantarki.Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan farashi kamar takarda mai mannewa na roba (SRBP, FR-1, FR-2), FR-4 ya fi dacewa a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci saboda kayan aikin jiki / injiniyoyi, musamman ma ikon riƙe bayanai a babban matsayi. mitoci, tsayin daka na zafi, da kuma gaskiyar cewa yana shan ruwa kaɗan fiye da sauran kayan.Ana amfani da FR-4 sosai a cikin manyan gine-gine da kuma kayan masana'antu da na soja.Yana dacewa da ultra high insuulation ( matsananci-high vacuum ko UHV ).

Koyaya, FR-4 azaman tushen PCB yana fuskantar iyakancewa da yawa, waɗanda ke fitowa daga maganin sinadarai da ake amfani da su a samarwa.Musamman ma, kayan yana da haɗari ga samuwar haɗakarwa (kumfa) da streaks (kumfa mai tsayi), da kuma lalata fiber na gilashi.Waɗannan lahani na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwar ƙarfin dielectric da ɓata aikin wayar PCB.Sabon kayan gilashin epoxy yana magance waɗannan matsalolin.

Sauran kayan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da polyimide/gilashin fiber (wanda ke goyan bayan yanayin zafi mafi girma kuma ya fi wuya) da KAPTON (mai sassauƙa, mai nauyi, dace da aikace-aikace kamar nuni da maɓalli).Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar kayan dielectric (substrates) sun haɗa da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar thermal (CTE), zafin canjin gilashin (Tg), haɓakar thermal, da rigidity na inji.

PCBS na soja/aerospace yana buƙatar ƙira na musamman dangane da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun shimfidawa da 100% Design for Test (DFT) ɗaukar hoto.Ma'auni na MIL-STD-883 ya kafa hanyoyi da matakai don gwada na'urorin microelectronic masu dacewa da tsarin soja da na sararin samaniya, ciki har da gwajin injiniya da lantarki, masana'antu da hanyoyin horo, da sauran sarrafawa don tabbatar da daidaiton matakan inganci da aminci a cikin tsarin.Aikace-aikace iri-iri na irin waɗannan na'urori.

Baya ga saduwa da ma'auni daban-daban, ƙirar ƙirar tsarin lantarki dole ne ta bi jerin ƙa'idodi, kamar gwajin injiniyoyi na AEC-Q100 da na'urorin lantarki don tattara kayan haɗin gwiwar.Tasirin maganganu na iya tsoma baki tare da amincin abin hawa.Don rage waɗannan tasirin, masu zanen PCB dole ne su ƙayyade tazara tsakanin layin sigina da layin wutar lantarki.Ana sauƙaƙe ƙira da daidaitawa ta kayan aikin software waɗanda ke nuna ta atomatik abubuwan ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin gyare-gyare don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun tsangwama da yanayin ɓarkewar zafi don guje wa tasirin aikin tsarin.

Bayanan kula:

Tsangwama daga kewaye kanta ba barazana ce ga ingancin sigina ba.PCB da ke cikin motar yana cike da hayaniya, wanda ke hulɗa da jiki ta hanyoyi masu rikitarwa don haifar da halin da ba a so a cikin kewaye.Ƙwararrun ƙarfin lantarki da canje-canjen da tsarin wutar lantarki ke haifarwa na iya ingiza abubuwan da suka wuce jure jurewar injin su.

Matsalar software

Kayan aikin shimfidawa na PCB na yau dole ne su sami haɗin aiki da yawa don biyan buƙatun masu ƙira.Zaɓin kayan aikin shimfidawa mai kyau yakamata ya zama abin la'akari na farko a ƙirar PCB kuma bai kamata a taɓa mantawa da shi ba.Kayayyakin daga Graphics Mentor, OrCAD Systems, da Altium suna cikin kayan aikin shimfidar PCB na yau.

Altium Designer

Altium Designer shine ɗayan manyan fakitin ƙirar PCB akan kasuwa a yau.Tare da aikin wayoyi ta atomatik, tallafi don daidaita tsayin layi da ƙirar 3D.Altium Designer ya haɗa da kayan aiki don duk ayyukan ƙirƙira da'ira, daga ɗaukar tsari zuwa HDL da kuma simintin kewayawa, nazarin sigina, ƙirar PCB, da haɓakar FPGA.

Dandalin tsararrun PCB na Mentor Graphics yana magance manyan ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar masu ƙirƙira tsarin yau: daidai, aiki – da kuma sake amfani da tsarin gida;Ingantacciyar hanyar zirga-zirga a cikin manyan topologies masu yawa da hadaddun;Da kuma inganta aikin lantarki.Maɓalli mai mahimmanci na dandamali da maɓallin ƙirƙira ga masana'antu shine Sketch Router, wanda ke ba masu zanen kaya cikakken ikon sarrafa ma'amala ta atomatik / taimakon uncoiling tsari, yana samar da sakamako iri ɗaya kamar cirewar hannu, amma a cikin ƙasa kaɗan.

Editan PCB OrCAD

Editan OrCAD PCB yanayi ne mai mu'amala da aka haɓaka don ƙirar allo a kowane matakin fasaha, daga mai sauƙi zuwa hadaddun.Saboda girman girmanta na gaskiya ga Cadence Allegro PCB Designer's PCB mafita, OrCAD PCB Edita yana goyan bayan haɓakar fasaha na ƙungiyoyin ƙira kuma yana iya sarrafa ƙuntatawa (babban saurin, amincin siginar, da dai sauransu) yayin da yake riƙe da ƙirar hoto iri ɗaya da tsarin fayil.

Gerber fayil

Ana amfani da tsarin fayil ɗin Gerber na masana'antu don isar da bayanan ƙira don samarwa PCB.A hanyoyi da yawa, Gerber yayi kama da PDFS a cikin kayan lantarki;Karamin tsarin fayil ne kawai da aka rubuta a cikin yaren sarrafa na'ura mai gauraya.Ana samar da waɗannan fayiloli ta software na keɓancewa kuma ana aika su zuwa masana'anta na PCB zuwa software na CAM.

Amintaccen haɗa tsarin lantarki cikin motoci da sauran hadaddun tsarin yana gabatar da mahimman la'akari ga duka kayan masarufi da software.Injiniyoyin suna nufin rage adadin ƙira da lokacin haɓakawa, wanda ke da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci ga masu ƙira waɗanda ke aiwatar da ayyukan aiki.