Ngokomzobo wesiphaluka ophuhlisiwe, ukulinganisa kunokwenziwa kwaye i-PCB inokuqulunqwa ngokuthumela ngaphandle ifayile yeGerber / i-drill.Nokuba yeyiphi na uyilo, iinjineli kufuneka ziqonde ngqo ukuba iisekethe (kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki) kufuneka zibekwe njani kwaye zisebenza njani.Kwiinjineli ze-elektroniki, ukufumana izixhobo ezichanekileyo zesoftware yoyilo lwePCB kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima.Izixhobo zesoftware ezisebenza kakuhle kwiprojekthi enye yePCB zinokungasebenzi kakuhle kwabanye.Iinjineli zifuna izixhobo zokuyila ibhodi ezicacileyo, ezineempawu eziluncedo, ezizinzileyo ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kwaye zinethala leencwadi elomeleleyo elenza ukuba zilungele iiprojekthi ezininzi.
Ingxaki yehardware
Kwiiprojekthi ze-iot, ukudibanisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokuthembeka, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto eziqhubayo kunye nezingaqhubekiyo kwi-PCBS kufuna ukuba abaqulunqi be-iot bafunde ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemiba eyahlukeneyo yombane kunye neyomatshini yoyilo.Ngokukodwa, njengoko ubungakanani becandelo buqhubeka buncipha, ukufudumeza kombane kwi-PCBS kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi.Ngexesha elifanayo, iimfuno zokusebenza ziyanda.Ukufezekisa ukusebenza okusekelwe kwintsebenzo yoyilo, ukuphendula kweqondo lokushisa, ukuziphatha kwamacandelo ombane ebhodini, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-thermal jikelele kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.
I-PCB kufuneka ibe yodwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.Iisekethe ezimfutshane zithintelwe ngokukhusela imikhondo yobhedu ebekwe ebhodini ukwenza inkqubo ye-elektroniki.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindleko eziphantsi ezifana ne-synthetic resin adhesive paper (SRBP, FR-1, FR-2), i-FR-4 ifaneleke ngakumbi njenge-substrate material ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibonakalayo / zemishini, ngokukodwa ukukwazi ukugcina idatha kwindawo ephezulu. amaza, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nento yokuba ifunxa amanzi amancinci kunezinye izinto.I-FR-4 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo zoshishino kunye nezomkhosi.Iyahambelana ne-ultra-high insulation (i-ultra-high vacuum okanye i-UHV).
Nangona kunjalo, i-FR-4 njenge-substrate ye-PCB ijongene nenani lemida, ephuma kunyango lwemichiza olusetyenziswa kwimveliso.Ngokukodwa, izinto eziphathekayo zilungele ukubunjwa kwe-inclusions (iibhubhu) kunye ne-streaks (i-longitudinal bubbles), kunye nokuguqulwa kwefiber yeglasi.Ezi ziphene zinokubangela ukungahambelani kwamandla e-dielectric kunye nokuphazamisa ukusebenza kweengcingo zePCB.Izinto ezintsha zeglasi epoxy zisombulula ezi ngxaki.
Ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-polyimide / i-glass fiber (exhasa ukushisa okuphezulu kwaye inzima) kunye ne-KAPTON (i-flexible, lightweight, ifanelekile kwizicelo ezifana neziboniso kunye neebhodibhodi).Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha izinto ze-dielectric (substrates) ziquka i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (CTE), ukushisa kweglasi (Tg), i-thermal conductivity, kunye nokuqina komatshini.
I-PCBS yomkhosi/i-aerospace ifuna ingqwalasela eyodwa yoyilo esekelwe kwiinkcukacha zesakhiwo kunye ne-100% yoYilo loVavanyo (DFT) olugubungelayo.Umgangatho we-MIL-STD-883 useka iindlela kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya izixhobo ze-microelectronic ezifanelekileyo kumkhosi kunye nenkqubo ye-aerospace, kubandakanya uvavanyo lomatshini kunye nombane, ukuvelisa kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho, kunye nolunye ulawulo lokuqinisekisa amanqanaba angaguqukiyo omgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kuyo yonke inkqubo.Usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lwezixhobo ezinjalo.
Ukongeza kokuhlangabezana nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, uyilo lwe-automotive system electronics kufuneka lulandele uluhlu lwemithetho, efana ne-AEC-Q100 yovavanyo lomatshini kunye ne-elektroniki yokupakisha iisekethe ezidibeneyo.Iziphumo zeCrosstalk zinokuphazamisana nokhuseleko lwesithuthi.Ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo, abaqulunqi bePCB kufuneka bachaze umgama phakathi komgca wesignali kunye nomgca wamandla.Uyilo kunye nomgangatho uququzelelwa zizixhobo zesoftware eziqaqambisa ngokuzenzekelayo imiba yoyilo efuna uhlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo ukuhlangabezana nemida yokuphazamiseka kunye neemeko zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ukuphepha ukuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
Amanqaku:
Ukuphazamiseka kwisekethe ngokwayo akuyiyo isongelo kumgangatho wesignali.I-PCB esemotweni iqhunyiswa ngengxolo, enxibelelana nomzimba ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo ukuphembelela umsinga ongafunekiyo kwisekethe.I-voltage spikes kunye nokuguquguquka okubangelwa ziinkqubo zokutshisa iimoto kunokutyhala izinto kude ngaphaya kokunyamezela kwazo ngomatshini.
Ingxaki yeSoftware
Izixhobo zoyilo zePCB zanamhlanje kufuneka zibeneendibaniselwano ezininzi ezisebenzayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabayili.Ukukhetha isixhobo sobeko esilungileyo kufuneka kube yingqwalasela yokuqala kuyilo lwePCB kwaye akufuneki kuhoywe.Iimveliso ezivela kwiMentor Graphics, OrCAD Systems, kunye neAltium ziphakathi kwezixhobo zanamhlanje zokucwangcisa iPCB.
Umyili weAltium
Umyili weAltium yenye yeepakethe zoyilo zePCB ezikwisiphelo esiphezulu kwimarike namhlanje.Ngomsebenzi wocingo oluzenzekelayo, inkxaso yokulungiswa kobude bomgca kunye nemodeli ye-3D.Umyili weAltium ubandakanya izixhobo zayo yonke imisebenzi yoyilo lwesekethe, ukusuka ekuthathweni kwesicwangciso ukuya kwi-HDL kunye nokulinganisa kwesekethe, uhlalutyo lomqondiso, uyilo lwePCB, kunye nophuhliso olufakwe kwiFPGA.
Iqonga loyilo lwe-Mentor Graphics 'PCB lilungisa imingeni engundoqo ejongene nabayili benkqubo yanamhlanje: ngokuchanekileyo, ukusebenza - kunye nesicwangciso esisekelwe kusetyenziso kwakhona lwendlwane;Indlela esebenzayo kwi-topology eshinyeneyo nentsonkothileyo;Kwaye ukulungiswa kwe-electromechanical.Inqaku eliphambili leqonga kunye nokutsha okuphambili kolu shishino yiSketch Router, enika abaqulunqi ulawulo olupheleleyo olusebenzisanayo malunga nenkqubo ezenzekelayo/encediswayo yokungagqunywa, ukuvelisa iziphumo ezikumgangatho ofanayo njengokungabhali ngesandla, kodwa ngexesha elincinci kakhulu.
Umhleli we-OrCAD PCB
Umhleli we-OrCAD PCB yindawo esebenzisanayo eyenzelwe uyilo lwebhodi kulo naliphi na inqanaba lobugcisa, ukusuka kokulula ukuya kokuntsonkotha.Ngenxa yokwenyani scalability yayo kwizisombululo zePCB zoMyili weCadence Allegro PCB, uMhleli we-OrCAD PCB uxhasa uphuhliso lobugcisa lwamaqela oyilo kwaye uyakwazi ukulawula imiqobo (isantya esiphezulu, ingqibelelo yomqondiso, njl.njl.) ngelixa ugcina umzobo ofanayo kunye nefomathi yefayile.
Gerber ifayile
Ifomati yefayile yeGerber esemgangathweni isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ulwazi loyilo lwemveliso yePCB.Ngeendlela ezininzi, iGerber ifana nePDFS kwi-electronics;Yifomati encinci yefayile ebhalwe ngolwimi oluxubeneyo lokulawula umatshini.Ezi fayile ziveliswa yi-software ye-circuit breaker kwaye zithunyelwe kumvelisi we-PCB kwi-software ye-CAM.
Ukudibanisa ngokukhuselekileyo iinkqubo zombane kwizithuthi kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zibonakalisa iingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo kuzo zombini ihardware kunye nesoftware.Iinjineli zijolise ekunciphiseni inani lokuphindaphinda koyilo kunye nexesha lophuhliso, elineenzuzo ezinkulu kubaqulunqi abaphumeza ukuhamba komsebenzi.