Enqubweni yokufunda izinto zikagesi, sivame ukubona ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB) kanye nesekethe edidiyelwe (IC), abantu abaningi "badidekile" ngale miqondo emibili. Eqinisweni, aziyona inkimbinkimbi, namuhla sizocacisa umehluko phakathi kwe-PCB nesifunda esihlanganisiwe.
Iyini i-PCB?
Ibhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe, elaziwa nangokuthi Ibhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe ngesiShayina, liyingxenye ebalulekile ye-elekthronikhi, indikimba esekelayo yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nesithwali sokuxhunywa kukagesi kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Ngenxa yokuthi yenziwe ngokuphrinta nge-elekthronikhi, ibizwa ngokuthi ibhodi lesifunda "eliphrintiwe".
Ibhodi lesifunda lamanje, lakhiwe ngokuyinhloko umugqa kanye ne-Surface (Iphethini), ungqimba lwe-Dielectric (Dielectric), imbobo (Ngembobo/nge), ukuvimbela uyinki wokushisela (I-Solder resistant/Solder Mask), ukuphrinta kwesikrini (Isikrini se-Legend/Marking/Silk), ukwelashwa kwendawo, Ukuqeda Okuphezulu), njll.
Izinzuzo ze-PCB: ukuminyana okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlangana, ukugcinwa.
Iyini isekethe ehlanganisiwe?
Isekethe edidiyelwe iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esincane noma ingxenye. Kusetshenziswa inqubo ethile, izakhi kanye nokuxhuma izintambo ezifana nama-transistors, resistors, capacitors kanye nama-inductors adingekayo kusekethe kwenziwa engxenyeni encane noma izingcezu ezimbalwa ezincane ze-semiconductor chip noma i-dielectric substrate bese ifakwa egobolondweni ukuze ibe i-microstructure enemisebenzi edingekayo yesifunda. Zonke izingxenye zihlanganiswe ngokwesakhiwo, okwenza izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zibe yisinyathelo esikhulu esibheke ekusetshenzisweni okuncane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukuhlakanipha, nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Imelwe ngohlamvu “IC” kusekethe.
Ngokusho komsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo somjikelezo ohlanganisiwe, ingahlukaniswa ngamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe e-analog, isekethe edidiyelwe yedijithali kanye nesekethe ehlanganisiwe yedijithali/ye-analog.
Isekethe ehlanganisiwe inezinzuzo zosayizi omncane, ongasindi, intambo ehola kancane, nendawo yokushisela, impilo ende, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle, njll.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-PCB nesekethe edidiyelwe.
Isekethe ehlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chip, njenge-motherboard ku-chip ye-northerbridge, i-CPU yangaphakathi, ibizwa ngokuthi i-integrated circuit, igama lokuqala libizwa nangokuthi i-block ehlanganisiwe. Futhi i-PCB iyibhodi lesifunda esijwayele ukulazi futhi liphrintwe kuma-chips webhodi lesifunda.
Isekethe ehlanganisiwe (IC) ishiselwe ebhodini le-PCB. Ibhodi le-PCB lingumthwali wesekethe edidiyelwe (IC).
Ngamagama alula, isifunda esihlanganisiwe singumjikelezo ojwayelekile ohlanganiswe ne-chip, ophelele. Uma isilimele ngaphakathi, i-chip izolimala. I-PCB ingakwazi ukushisela izingxenye ngokwayo, futhi izingxenye zingashintshwa uma ziphukile.