Crystal oscillator nurufunguzo muburyo bwa sisitemu yumuzunguruko, mubisanzwe mugushushanya kwumuzunguruko, oscillator ya kristu ikoreshwa nkumutima wumuzunguruko wa digitale, imirimo yose yumuzunguruko wa digitale ntishobora gutandukana nikimenyetso cyamasaha, kandi gusa oscillator ya kristu ni urufunguzo rufunguzo rugenzura itangiriro risanzwe rya sisitemu yose, birashobora kuvugwa ko niba hariho igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu gishobora kubona oscillator.

I. Oscillator ya kristu ni iki?

Ububiko bwa Crystal oscillator muri rusange bivuga ubwoko bubiri bwa quartz kristal oscillator na quartz kristal resonator, kandi birashobora no kwitwa kristu oscillator. Byombi bikozwe hifashishijwe ingaruka za piezoelectric ya kristal ya kristal.

Oscillator ya kristu ikora gutya: mugihe umurima wamashanyarazi ushyizwe kuri electrode ebyiri za kristu, kristu izahindura imikorere ya mashini, kandi muburyo bunyuranye, niba igitutu cyumukanishi gishyizwe kumpande zombi za kristu, kristu izatanga umurima wamashanyarazi. Iyi phenomenon irahindurwa, ukoresheje rero ibi biranga kristu, ukongeramo voltage ihinduranya kumpande zombi za kristu, chip izabyara imashini ihindagurika, kandi icyarimwe ikabyara amashanyarazi asimburana. Nyamara, uku kunyeganyega hamwe numuriro wamashanyarazi byakozwe na kristu muri rusange ni bito, ariko mugihe cyose biri kumurongo runaka, amplitude iziyongera cyane, bisa na LC loop resonance twe abashushanya umuziki dukunze kubona.

II. Itondekanya rya kristu ihindagurika (ikora na pasiporo)

Oscillator ya pasiporo

Kirisiti ya pasiporo ni kristu, mubusanzwe igikoresho cya 2-pin kitari inkingi (kristu imwe ya pasiporo ifite pin ihamye idafite polarite).

Ubusanzwe pasitoro ya kristal oscillator ikenera kwishingikiriza kumuzunguruko wamasaha wakozwe na capacitor yimitwaro kugirango itange ikimenyetso kinyeganyega (ikimenyetso cya sine wave).

Os Igikoresho gikora kristu

Igikoresho gikora kristu ni oscillator, mubisanzwe hamwe na pin 4. Oscillator ikora neza ntisaba oscillator yimbere ya CPU kugirango itange ikimenyetso cya kare. Amashanyarazi akora ya kirisiti itanga ibimenyetso byisaha.

Ikimenyetso cyibikorwa bya kristu ikora neza, ireme ni ryiza, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza buroroshye, ikosa risobanutse ni rito ugereranije na pasiporo ya kristu ya pasiporo, kandi igiciro gihenze kuruta oscillator ya pasiporo.

III. Ibipimo fatizo bya kristu oscillator

Ibipimo fatizo bya oscillator rusange ni: ubushyuhe bwimikorere, agaciro keza, guhuza ubushobozi, imiterere ya pake, inshuro yibanze nibindi.

Umuyoboro wibanze wa kristu oscillator: Guhitamo inshuro rusange ya kirisiti biterwa nibisabwa nibice bigize imirongo, nka MCU muri rusange ni intera, inyinshi muri zo kuva kuri 4M kugeza kuri mirongo ya M.

Ihindagurika rya Crystal yukuri: ubunyangamugayo bwo kunyeganyega kwa kristu muri rusange ± 5PPM, ± 10PPM, ± 20PPM, ± 50PPM, nibindi, chip-clock yisaha ihanitse muri rusange muri ± 5PPM, kandi imikoreshereze rusange izahitamo nka ± 20PPM.

Ubushobozi buhuye bwa kristu oscillator: mubisanzwe muguhindura agaciro ka capacitance ihuye, inshuro yibanze ya oscillator ya kristu irashobora guhinduka, kandi kuri ubu, ubu buryo bukoreshwa muguhindura oscillator ihanitse cyane.

Muri sisitemu yumuzunguruko, umurongo wihuta wibimenyetso byerekana umurongo bifite umwanya wambere. Umurongo w'isaha ni ikimenyetso cyunvikana, kandi nubunini bwinshyi, umurongo muto urasabwa kugirango umenye neza ko kugoreka ibimenyetso ari bike.

Noneho mumuzunguruko mwinshi, isaha ya kristu yisaha ya sisitemu ni ndende cyane, bityo rero imbaraga zo kwivanga mubihuzabikorwa nazo zirakomeye, guhuza bizavamo ibyinjijwe kandi bisohore imirongo ibiri, ariko kandi biva mumirasire yumwanya, ibyo bikaba binaganisha niba imiterere ya PCB ya oscillator ya kirisiti idashyize mu gaciro, bizatera byoroshye gukemura ibibazo byubundi buryo bworoshye, kandi nibimara gukorwa, biragoye kubikemura muburyo butandukanye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kuri kristu oscillator hamwe na CLK yerekana umurongo mugihe ibimenyetso bya PCB byashyizweho.