Crystal oscillator waa furaha naqshadeynta wareegga dhijitaalka ah, sida caadiga ah naqshadeynta wareegga, oscillator crystal waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida wadnaha wareegga dhijitaalka ah, dhammaan shaqada wareegga dhijitaalka ah waa mid aan la kala saari karin saacadda saacadda, oo kaliya oscillator-ka crystal waa badhanka muhiimka ah ee si toos ah u xakameynaya bilowga caadiga ah ee nidaamka oo dhan, waxaa la odhan karaa haddii uu jiro naqshad wareeg ah oo dijital ah wuxuu arki karaa oscillator-ka crystal.
I. Waa maxay oscillator-ka crystal?
Crystal oscillator guud ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa laba nooc oo ah oscillator crystal oscillator iyo quartz crystal resonator, waxaana sidoo kale si toos ah loogu yeeri karaa oscillator crystal. Labadaba waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo saameynta piezoelectric ee kiristaalo quartz.
Oscillator-ka crystal wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida tan: marka beerta koronto lagu dhejiyo labada electrodes ee crystal, crystal wuxuu yeelan doonaa cillad farsamo, taas lidkeeda, haddii cadaadiska makaanikada lagu dhejiyo labada daraf ee crystal, crystal wuxuu soo saari doonaa beer koronto. Dhacdadani waa mid dib loo rogi karo, markaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo sifada kristanta, ku darista tamarta beddelka ah ee labada daraf ee crystal, chip wuxuu soo saari doonaa gariir farsamo, isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu soo saaraa beero koronto oo beddelan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gariirkan iyo goobta korantada ee ay abuurto crystal-gu guud ahaan waa yar yahay, laakiin inta ay tahay inta jeer ee cayiman, baaxadda ayaa si weyn loo kordhin doonaa, oo la mid ah resonance LC loop oo aan naqshadeeyayaasha wareegga inta badan aragno.
II. Kala soocida oscillation crystal (firfircoon iyo dadban)
① oscillator crystal Passive
crystal Passive waa crystal, guud ahaan 2-pin qalab aan polar ah (qaar ka mid ah crystal dadban ayaa leh biin go'an oo aan lahayn polarity).
Oscillator crystal Passive wuxuu guud ahaan u baahan yahay inuu ku tiirsanaado wareegga saacada ee uu sameeyay capacitor-ka xamuulka si uu u dhaliyo calaamada oscillating (caleenka mawjadda sine).
② oscillator crystal firfircoon
Oscillator-ka firfircooni waa oscillator, badiyaa leh 4 biin. Oscillator-ka firfircooni uma baahna oscillator-ka gudaha ee CPU si uu u soo saaro calaamada mowjadaha labajibbaaran. Korontada kristal ee firfircoon waxay abuurtaa calaamad saacad ah.
Calaamadaha oscillator-ka firfircooni waa mid deggan, tayada ayaa ka fiican, qaabka isku xirnaantana waa mid fudud, qaladka saxda ah waa ka yar yahay kan oscillator crystal oscillator, qiimuhuna wuu ka qaalisan yahay oscillator crystal.
III. Xuduudaha aasaasiga ah ee oscillator crystal
Halbeegyada aasaasiga ah ee oscillator-ka guud waa: heerkulka hawlgalka, qiimaha saxda ah, awoodda u dhigma, foomka xirmada, inta jeer ee xudunta ah iyo wixii la mid ah.
Inta jeer ee xudunta u ah oscillator-ka crystal: Doorashada soo noqnoqda guud ee crystal waxay kuxirantahay shuruudaha qaybaha soo noqnoqda, sida MCU guud ahaan waa kala duwanaansho, kuwaas oo intooda badan ka socda 4M ilaa daraasiin M.
Saxnaanta gariirka Crystal: saxnaanta gariirka crystal guud ahaan waa ± 5PPM, ± 10PPM, ± 20PPM, ± 50PPM, iwm.
Awoodda u dhigma ee oscillator-ka crystal: sida caadiga ah iyada oo la hagaajinayo qiimaha awoodda u dhigma, inta jeer ee xudunta u ah oscillator-ka crystal waa la bedeli karaa, iyo hadda, habkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu hagaajiyo oscillator-ka saxda ah ee saxda ah.
Nidaamka wareegga, xariiqda saacadda xawaaraha sare waxay leedahay mudnaanta ugu sareysa. Xariiqda saacadu waa calaamad xasaasi ah, mar kasta oo soo noqnoqoshadana ay sare u kacdo, waxaa loo baahan yahay khadka gaaban si loo hubiyo in qalloocinta calaamaduhu ay yar tahay.
Hadda wareegyo badan, inta jeer ee crystal saacad nidaamka waa mid aad u sarreeya, sidaas darteed tamarta faragelinta harmonics sidoo kale waa xoog badan, harmonics waxaa laga soo saari doonaa gelinta iyo soo saarka laba khadadka, laakiin sidoo kale ka shucaaca meel bannaan, taas oo sidoo kale keenaysaa in haddii qaabaynta PCB ee oscillator crystal ma aha mid macquul ah, waxa ay si fudud u keeni doonaa dhibaato shucaaca xoog badan, iyo marka la soo saaro, waa ay adag tahay in la xalliyo by hababka kale. Sidaa darteed, aad bay muhiim ugu tahay oscillator-ka crystal iyo qaabka khadka calaamadda CLK marka guddiga PCB la dhigo.