Pakafunika kusintha IC mu kapangidwe ka dera la PCB, tiyeni tigawane maupangiri posintha IC kuti tithandizire okonza kuti akhale angwiro pakupanga dera la PCB.
1. Kusintha mwachindunji
Kusintha kwachindunji kumatanthauza kusintha mwachindunji IC yoyambirira ndi ma IC ena popanda kusinthidwa kulikonse, ndipo ntchito yaikulu ndi zizindikiro za makinawo sizidzakhudzidwa pambuyo pa kusinthidwa.
Mfundo yosinthira ndi: ntchito, index ya magwiridwe antchito, mawonekedwe a phukusi, kugwiritsa ntchito pini, nambala ya pini ndi nthawi ya IC yosinthira ndizofanana.Ntchito yomweyi ya IC sikuti imangotanthauza ntchito yomweyi, komanso polarity yofananira, ndiko kuti, kutulutsa ndi kulowetsa mulingo wa polarity, voteji, ndi matalikidwe apano ayenera kukhala ofanana.Zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito zimatengera magawo amagetsi a IC (kapena mawonekedwe okhotakhota), kutayika kwamphamvu kwambiri, ma voliyumu opitilira muyeso, ma frequency osiyanasiyana, ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olowetsa ndi kutulutsa ma impedance omwe ali ofanana ndi a IC yoyambirira.Olowa m'malo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa ayenera kuonjezera kutentha kwakuya.
01
Kulowetsedwa kwa mtundu womwewo wa IC
Kusintha kwa mtundu womwewo wa IC nthawi zambiri kumakhala kodalirika.Mukakhazikitsa dera lophatikizika la PCB, samalani kuti musalakwitse njira, apo ayi, gawo lophatikizika la PCB litha kuwotchedwa mphamvu ikayatsidwa.Ma IC ena amtundu wa amplifier amtundu umodzi ali ndi mtundu womwewo, ntchito, ndi mawonekedwe, koma komwe amawongolera mapini ndi osiyana.Mwachitsanzo, chokulitsa mphamvu cha njira ziwiri ICLA4507 chili ndi mapini "zabwino" ndi "zoyipa", ndipo mapini oyambira (madontho amitundu kapena maenje) ali mbali zosiyanasiyana: kulibe mawu omangika ndipo mawuwo ndi "R", IC, ndi zina, mwachitsanzo M5115P ndi M5115RP.
02
Kusintha kwa ma IC okhala ndi chilembo chofananira ndi manambala osiyanasiyana
Malingana ngati ntchito za pini zamtundu woterewu ndizofanana ndendende, ma PCB amkati ndi magawo amagetsi amasiyana pang'ono, ndipo amathanso kulowetsedwa m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake.Mwachitsanzo: ICLA1363 ndi LA1365 zimayikidwa m'mawu, omaliza amawonjezera diode ya Zener mkati mwa IC pin 5 kuposa yoyamba, ndipo enawo ndi ofanana ndendende.
Kawirikawiri, chilembo choyambirira chimasonyeza wopanga ndi gulu la dera la PCB.Manambala pambuyo pa chilembo choyambirira ndi ofanana, ndipo ambiri a iwo akhoza kusinthidwa mwachindunji.Koma palinso angapo apadera milandu.Ngakhale manambala ndi ofanana, ntchito ndi zosiyana kotheratu.Mwachitsanzo, HA1364 ndi IC yomveka, ndipo uPC1364 ndi IC yojambula mtundu;chiwerengero ndi 4558, 8-pin ndi amplifier ntchito NJM4558, ndi 14-pini ndi CD4558 digito PCB dera;choncho, awiriwo sangasinthidwe nkomwe.Chifukwa chake tiyenera kuyang'ana ntchito ya pini.
Opanga ena amabweretsa tchipisi ta IC zosapakidwa ndikuzipanga kukhala zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa fakitale, ndi zina zomwe zimapanga bwino kuti zisinthe zina.Zogulitsazi nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ma suffixes amitundu.Mwachitsanzo, AN380 ndi uPC1380 akhoza kusinthidwa mwachindunji, ndipo AN5620, TEA5620, DG5620, etc. akhoza kusinthidwa mwachindunji.
2. Kulowetsa m'malo mwachindunji
Kusintha kosalunjika kumatanthawuza njira yomwe IC yomwe singasinthidwe mwachindunji ndi njira yosinthira pang'ono gawo la PCB lozungulira, kusintha makonzedwe a pini oyambirira kapena kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa zigawo zina, ndi zina zotero, kuti zikhale IC yosinthika.
Mfundo yolowa m'malo: IC yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake ikhoza kukhala yosiyana ndi IC yoyambirira yokhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za pini ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, koma ntchitozo ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndipo makhalidwe ayenera kukhala ofanana;ntchito ya makina oyambirira sayenera kukhudzidwa pambuyo m'malo.
01
Kusintha kwa ma IC osiyanasiyana
Kwa tchipisi ta IC amtundu womwewo, koma ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a phukusi, mapini a chipangizo chatsopano okha ndi omwe amafunikira kukonzedwanso molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi makonzedwe a zikhomo za chipangizo choyambirira.Mwachitsanzo, gawo la AFTPCB CA3064 ndi CA3064E, loyambirira ndi phukusi lozungulira lokhala ndi zikhomo zozungulira: chomalizacho ndi phukusi lapulasitiki lapawiri pamzere, mawonekedwe amkati mwa awiriwa ndi ofanana ndendende, ndipo amatha kulumikizidwa molingana ndi pin ntchito.Mizere iwiri ICAN7114, AN7115 ndi LA4100, LA4102 ndizofanana m'mapaketi, ndipo chowongolera ndi kutentha zimasiyana ndendende ndi madigiri 180.Phukusi la AN5620 lomwe tatchulalo lapawiri pamzere 16-pini yokhala ndi sink ya kutentha ndi phukusi la TEA5620 lapawiri pamzere 18-pini.Zikhomo 9 ndi 10 zili kumanja kwa gawo lophatikizika la PCB, lomwe ndi lofanana ndi kutentha kwa AN5620.Zikhomo zina za ziwirizo zimakonzedwa mofanana.Lumikizani zikhomo za 9 ndi 10 pansi kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
02
PCB dera ntchito ndi chimodzimodzi koma munthu pini ntchito ndi osiyana lC m'malo
M'malo akhoza kuchitidwa molingana ndi magawo ndi malangizo amtundu uliwonse wa IC.Mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa kwa AGC ndi kanema wa kanema mu TV kumakhala ndi kusiyana pakati pa polarity yabwino ndi yoyipa, bola ngati inverter ilumikizidwa ndi terminal yotulutsa, imatha kusinthidwa.
03
Kusintha ma IC ndi pulasitiki yemweyo koma ntchito za pini zosiyanasiyana
Kusintha kotereku kumayenera kusintha makonzedwe a PCB ozungulira ndi ma pini, omwe amafunikira chidziwitso chaukadaulo, chidziwitso chonse, komanso luso lochita bwino komanso luso.
04
Mapazi ena opanda kanthu sayenera kukhazikika popanda chilolezo
Zina mwamapini otsogolera mugawo lamkati lofanana la PCB ndi gawo la PCB logwiritsa ntchito sizimalembedwa.Pakakhala mapini otsogolera opanda kanthu, sayenera kukhazikika popanda chilolezo.Zikhomo zotsogolazi ndi zina kapena zotsalira, ndipo nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zolumikizira zamkati.
05
Kuphatikiza m'malo
Kuphatikizira m'malo ndikuphatikizanso zigawo zosawonongeka za PCB za ma IC angapo amtundu womwewo kukhala IC yathunthu kuti ilowe m'malo mwa IC yosagwira bwino ntchito.Imagwira ntchito kwambiri ngati IC yoyambirira palibe.Koma pamafunika kuti dera labwino la PCB mkati mwa IC logwiritsidwa ntchito liyenera kukhala ndi pini yolumikizira.
Chinsinsi choloweza m'malo mwachindunji ndikupeza magawo amagetsi a ma IC awiri omwe amalowetsedwa m'malo mwa wina ndi mzake, dera lofanana la PCB lamkati, ntchito ya pini iliyonse, ndi mgwirizano wolumikizana pakati pa zigawo za IC.Samalani mu ntchito yeniyeni.
(1) Mndandanda wa manambala wa ma pini ophatikizika a PCB sayenera kulumikizidwa molakwika;
(2) Kuti agwirizane ndi makhalidwe a IC yosinthidwa, zigawo za PCB zozungulira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo ziyenera kusinthidwa moyenerera;
(3) Mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi IC m'malo.Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi mu dera loyambirira la PCB ndi yayikulu, yesani kuchepetsa voteji;ngati voteji ndi yochepa, zimatengera ngati m'malo IC ntchito;
(4) Pambuyo pa kusinthidwa, mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya IC iyenera kuyesedwa.Ngati panopa ndi yaikulu kuposa mtengo wamba, zikutanthauza kuti dera PCB akhoza kudzikonda okondwa.Panthawi imeneyi, kugwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kumafunika.Ngati kupindula kuli kosiyana ndi koyambirira, kukana kwa wotsutsa maganizo kungasinthidwe;
(5) Pambuyo pakusintha, kulowetsedwa ndi kutulutsa kwa IC kuyenera kufanana ndi dera loyambirira la PCB;fufuzani mphamvu yake yoyendetsa;
(6) Gwiritsani ntchito bwino mabowo a pini ndi kutsogolera pa bolodi loyambirira la PCB pamene mukupanga kusintha, ndipo mayendedwe akunja ayenera kukhala abwino ndikupewa kuwoloka kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, kuti muwone ndikuletsa dera la PCB kuti lisadzikhudze; makamaka kupewa kudzikonda kwapafupipafupi;
(7) Ndi bwino kulumikiza mita yamakono ya DC mu mndandanda wa Vcc kuzungulira kwa magetsi musanayambe kuyatsa, ndikuwona ngati kusintha kwa chiwerengero chonse cha dera lophatikizika la PCB kuli koyenera kuchokera ku zazikulu mpaka zazing'ono.
06
Sinthani IC ndi zigawo zapadera
Nthawi zina zida zapadera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha gawo lomwe lawonongeka la IC kuti libwezeretse ntchito yake.Musanasinthidwe, muyenera kumvetsetsa mfundo zamkati za IC, mphamvu yanthawi zonse ya pini iliyonse, chithunzi cha waveform ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya PCB yokhala ndi zotumphukira.Lingaliraninso:
(1) Kaya chizindikirocho chitha kuchotsedwa pa ntchito C ndikulumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira chozungulira cha PCB:
(2) Kaya chizindikiro kukonzedwa ndi zotumphukira PCB dera akhoza olumikizidwa kwa mlingo wotsatira mkati Integrated PCB dera reprocessing (chizindikiro chofananira pa kugwirizana sayenera kukhudza magawo ake aakulu ndi ntchito).Ngati amplifier yapakatikati ya IC yawonongeka, kuchokera pagawo la PCB lamkati ndi gawo lamkati la PCB, imapangidwa ndi amplifier yapakatikati yomvera, kusankhana pafupipafupi komanso kukulitsa pafupipafupi.Njira yolowera chizindikiro ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza gawo lowonongeka.Ngati gawo la amplifier lawonongeka, zida zapadera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake.