Xa kukho imfuneko yokubuyisela i-IC kuyilo lwesekethe ye-PCB, masabelane ngeengcebiso xa ubuyisela i-IC ukunceda abayili bagqibelele ngakumbi kuyilo lwesekethe ye-PCB.
1. Ukutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo
Ukutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo kubhekiselele ekutshintsheni ngokuthe ngqo i-IC yokuqala kunye nezinye ii-IC ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, kwaye ukusebenza okuphambili kunye nezibonakaliso zomatshini aziyi kuchaphazeleka emva kokutshintshwa.
Umgaqo wokutshintshwa ngulo: umsebenzi, isalathisi sokusebenza, ifom yephakheji, ukusetyenziswa kwephini, inombolo ye-pin kunye nekhefu lokutshintshwa kwe-IC ziyafana.Umsebenzi ofanayo we-IC awubhekiseli kuphela kumsebenzi ofanayo, kodwa kunye ne-logic polarity efanayo, oko kukuthi, imveliso kunye nenqanaba lokufaka i-polarity, i-voltage, kunye ne-amplitude yangoku kufuneka ifane.Izalathisi zokusebenza zibhekisa kwiiparamitha eziphambili zombane ze-IC (okanye ijika lophawu oluphambili), ukuchithwa kwamandla aphezulu, amandla ombane aphezulu ombane, uluhlu lwamaza ombane, kunye nophawu olwahlukeneyo lweeparamitha ze-impedance zemveliso ezifanayo nezo ze-IC yoqobo.Abatshintshi abanamandla aphantsi kufuneka banyuse i-heat sink.
01
Ukutshintshwa kohlobo olufanayo lwe-IC
Ukutshintshwa kohlobo olufanayo lwe-IC luthembekile ngokubanzi.Xa ufaka isekethe ye-PCB edibeneyo, qaphela ukuba ungenzi mpazamo kwicala, ngaphandle koko, isiphaluka esidibeneyo se-PCB sinokutshiswa xa umbane uvuliwe.Ezinye ii-ICs ze-amplifier zamandla ezikumgca omnye zinemodeli efanayo, umsebenzi, kunye neempawu, kodwa isalathiso socwangco lwephini lwahlukile.Umzekelo, i-dual-channel yeamplifier yamandla i-ICLA4507 inezikhonkwane “ezintle” kunye “negative”, kwaye izikhonkwane zokuqala eziphawulwayo (amachaphaza ombala okanye imingxuma) zikumacala ahlukeneyo: asikho isimamva kunye nesimamva ngu”R”, IC, njl., umzekelo M5115P kunye ne-M5115RP.
02
Ukutshintshwa kwee-ICs ngonobumba ofanayo wesimaphambili kunye namanani ahlukeneyo
Okoko nje imisebenzi ye-pin yolu hlobo lokutshintsha iyafana, isekethe yangaphakathi ye-PCB kunye neeparamitha zombane zihluke kancinane, kwaye zinokuthi zitshintshwe ngokuthe ngqo enye kwenye.Umzekelo: I-ICLA1363 kunye ne-LA1365 zifakwe kwisandi, le yokugqibela yongeza i-Zener diode ngaphakathi kwe-IC pin 5 kuneyokuqala, kwaye ezinye ziyafana.
Ngokubanzi, unobumba wesimaphambili ubonisa umenzi kunye nodidi lwesekethe yePCB.Amanani emva konobumba wesimaphambili ayafana, kwaye uninzi lwawo lunokutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo.Kodwa kukho iimeko ezimbalwa ezizodwa.Nangona amanani afana, imisebenzi yahluke ngokupheleleyo.Umzekelo, i-HA1364 isandi se-IC, kunye ne-uPC1364 yi-IC yokuchaza umbala;inani yi-4558, i-8-pin yi-amplifier yokusebenza i-NJM4558, kunye ne-14-pin yisekethe ye-CD4558 ye-PCB yedijithali;ke ngoko, ezi zimbini azinakutshintshwa kwaphela.Ke kufuneka sijonge umsebenzi wephini.
Abanye abavelisi bazisa iitshiphusi ze-IC ezingapakishwanga kwaye baziqhubele kwiimveliso ezithiywe emva komzi-mveliso, kunye nezinye iimveliso eziphuculweyo zokuphucula iiparitha ezithile.Ezi mveliso zihlala zithiywa ngeemodeli ezahlukeneyo okanye zohlulwe ngokwezimamva zemodeli.Ngokomzekelo, i-AN380 kunye ne-uPC1380 inokutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo, kunye ne-AN5620, TEA5620, DG5620, njl.
2. Ukutshintshwa ngokungathanga ngqo
Ukutshintshwa ngokungathanga ngqo kubhekiselele kwindlela apho i-IC engenakutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo yindlela yokuguqula kancinane i-peripheral PCB circuit, ukutshintsha i-original pin ilungiselelo okanye ukongeza okanye ukususa amacandelo ngamanye, njl., ukuyenza i-IC enokuthathelwa indawo.
Umgaqo wokutshintsha: I-IC esetyenzisiweyo ekutshintsheni ingahluka kwi-IC yasekuqaleni kunye nemisebenzi ye-pin eyahlukeneyo kunye nembonakalo eyahlukileyo, kodwa imisebenzi kufuneka ifane kwaye iimpawu kufuneka zifane;ukusebenza komatshini wokuqala akufanele kuchaphazeleke emva kokutshintshwa.
01
Ukutshintshwa kwee-ICs ezipakishiweyo ezahlukeneyo
Kwiitshiphu ze-IC zohlobo olufanayo, kodwa ngeemilo zepakethe ezahlukeneyo, kuphela izikhonkwane zesixhobo esitsha zifuna ukubunjwa ngokutsha ngokwemilo kunye nolungiselelo lwezikhonkwane zesixhobo sokuqala.Ngokomzekelo, i-AFTPCB yesekethe i-CA3064 kunye ne-CA3064E, yangaphambili iphakheji yesetyhula enezikhonkwane ze-radial: le yokugqibela i-double in-line yeplastiki iphakheji, iimpawu zangaphakathi zombini zifana ngqo, kwaye zinokudibaniswa ngokuhambelana pin umsebenzi.Imiqolo emibini ye-ICAN7114, AN7115 kunye ne-LA4100, i-LA4102 ngokusisiseko ziyafana kwifom yephakheji, kwaye i-lead kunye ne-heat sink zihluke ngokuthe ngqo kwii-180 degrees.I-AN5620 ekhankanywe ngasentla ye-16-pin iphakheji ene-heat sink kunye ne-TEA5620 kabini kumgca we-18-pin package.Izikhonkwane ze-9 kunye ne-10 zibekwe kwicala lasekunene lesekethe ye-PCB edibeneyo, elingana ne-heat sink ye-AN5620.Ezinye izikhonkwane zezo zimbini zicwangciswe ngendlela efanayo.Xhuma izikhonkwane ze-9 kunye ne-10 emhlabeni ukuze usebenzise.
02
Imisebenzi yesekethe ye-PCB iyafana kodwa imisebenzi ye-pin yomntu yahlukile endaweni ye-lC
Ukutshintshwa kunokwenziwa ngokweeparamitha ezithile kunye nemiyalelo yohlobo ngalunye lwe-IC.Ngokomzekelo, i-AGC kunye nemveliso yesignali yevidiyo kwi-TV inomahluko phakathi kwe-polarity efanelekileyo kunye nembi, nje ukuba i-inverter ixhunyiwe kwi-terminal ephumayo, inokutshintshwa.
03
Ukutshintshwa kwe-ICs ngeplastiki efanayo kodwa imisebenzi yephini eyahlukileyo
Olu hlobo lokutshintsha kufuneka lutshintshe i-peripheral PCB yesekethe kunye ne-pin ilungiselelo, efuna ulwazi oluthile lwethiyori, ulwazi olupheleleyo, kunye namava atyebileyo asebenzayo kunye nezakhono.
04
Ezinye iinyawo ezingenanto akufanele zibekwe phantsi ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso
Ezinye izikhonkwane ezikhokelayo kwisekethe ye-PCB elinganayo yangaphakathi kunye nesekethe ye-PCB yesicelo aziphawulwanga.Xa kukho izikhonkwane zokukhokela ezingenanto, akufanele zisekelwe ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa.Ezi zikhonkwane zelothe ziyatshintshana okanye zizikhonkwane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zikwasetyenziswa njengonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi.
05
Ukufaka endaweni edibeneyo
Ukutshintsha okudityanisiweyo kukudibanisa kwakhona iinxalenye zesekethe ze-PCB ezingonakaliswanga zee-IC ezininzi zomfuziselo ofanayo zibe yi-IC epheleleyo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo i-IC engasebenzi kakuhle.Isebenza kakhulu xa i-IC yoqobo ingafumaneki.Kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba isekethe ye-PCB elungileyo ngaphakathi kwe-IC esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ibe ne-interface pin.
Isitshixo sokutshintsha ngokungathanga ngqo kukufumana iiparamitha ezisisiseko zombane zee-IC ezimbini ezitshintshwa enye kwenye, isekethe yePCB elinganayo yangaphakathi, umsebenzi wephini ngalinye, kunye nobudlelwane bonxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo e-IC.Lumka xa usebenza.
(1) Ulandelelwano lwamanani lwezikhonkwane zeesekethe zePCB ezidityanisiweyo akufuneki zidityaniswe ngokungalunganga;
(2) Ukuze ulungelelanise neempawu ze-IC etshintshiweyo, amacandelo e-peripheral PCB yesekethe edityaniswe kuyo kufuneka itshintshwe ngokufanelekileyo;
(3) Amandla ombane ombane kufuneka ahambelane ne-IC yokutshintshwa.Ukuba umbane wobonelelo lwamandla kwisekethe yePCB yoqobo uphezulu, zama ukunciphisa umbane;ukuba i-voltage iphantsi, kuxhomekeke ekubeni i-IC yokutshintshwa inokusebenza;
(4) Emva kokutshintshwa, i-current working current ye-IC kufuneka ilinganiswe.Ukuba yangoku inkulu kakhulu kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba isekethe ye-PCB inokuba yimincili.Ngeli xesha, ukudibanisa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kuyafuneka.Ukuba inzuzo ihluke kwi-original, ukuchasana kwempendulo yempendulo kunokulungiswa;
(5) Emva kokutshintshwa, i-input and output impedance ye-IC kufuneka ihambelane nesekethe ye-PCB yokuqala;khangela ukubanakho ukuqhuba;
(6) Sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo imingxuma isikhonkwane kunye nezikhokelela kwibhodi yesekethe PCB yasekuqaleni xa usenza utshintsho, kunye nezikhokelo zangaphandle kufuneka zicoceke kwaye uphephe ukuwela ngaphambili nangasemva, ukuze ukhangele kwaye uthintele isekethe ye-PCB kwi-self-excitation; ngokukodwa ukuthintela ukuzivuselela kwe-high-frequency self-excitation;
(7) Kungcono ukudibanisa imitha yangoku ye-DC kuthotho kwi-loop ye-Vcc yonikezelo lwamandla phambi kombane, kwaye ujonge ukuba utshintsho lwangoku lulonke lwesekethe ye-PCB edibeneyo luqhelekile ukusuka kwenkulu ukuya kwencinci.
06
Faka endaweni ye-IC ngezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo
Ngamanye amaxesha amacandelo ahlukeneyo angasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha indawo eyonakeleyo ye-IC ukubuyisela umsebenzi wayo.Ngaphambi kokutshintshwa, kuya kufuneka uqonde umgaqo wangaphakathi wokusebenza we-IC, umbane oqhelekileyo wephini ngalinye, umzobo we-waveform kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza wesekethe ye-PCB enezinto ezijikelezayo.Kwakhona qwalasela:
(1) Ingaba umqondiso unokukhutshwa emsebenzini C kwaye uqhagamshelwe kwi-terminal yegalelo le-peripheral PCB circuit:
(2) Ingaba isignali eqhutywe yi-peripheral PCB yesekethe inokudityaniswa kwinqanaba elilandelayo ngaphakathi kwesekethe yePCB edibeneyo yokulungiswa kwakhona (uphawu oluhambelanayo ngexesha loqhagamshelo alufanele luchaphazele iiparamitha zalo eziphambili kunye nokusebenza).Ukuba i-IC yeamplifier ephakathi yonakele, ukusuka kwisekethe ye-PCB yesicelo esiqhelekileyo kunye nesekethe yangaphakathi ye-PCB, yenziwe ngesandisi-lizwi esiphakathi, ucalucalulo kunye nokunyusa amaza.Indlela yokufaka umqondiso ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana indawo eyonakeleyo.Ukuba inxalenye yeamplifier yomsindo yonakele, amacandelo ahlukeneyo anokusetyenziswa endaweni yoko.