Uma kunesidingo sokushintsha i-IC ekwakhiweni kwesekethe ye-PCB, ake sabelane ngamathiphu lapho sishintsha i-IC ukuze sisize abaklami bafaneleke kakhulu kumklamo wesekethe we-PCB.
1. Ukufaka esikhundleni okuqondile
Ukushintsha ngokuqondile kubhekisela ekushintsheni ngokuqondile i-IC yasekuqaleni namanye ama-IC ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, futhi ukusebenza okuyinhloko nezinkomba zomshini ngeke kuthinteke ngemva kokushintshwa.
Umgomo wokubuyisela uthi: umsebenzi, inkomba yokusebenza, ifomu lephakheji, ukusetshenziswa kwephinikhodi, inombolo yephinikhodi kanye nesikhawu se-IC yokumiselela kuyafana.Umsebenzi ofanayo we-IC awubhekiseli kuphela emsebenzini ofanayo, kodwa futhi i-polarity ye-logic efanayo, okungukuthi, i-polarity yezinga lokuphumayo nelokufaka, i-voltage, kanye ne-amplitude yamanje kufanele kufane.Izinkomba zokusebenza zibhekisela kumapharamitha kagesi ayinhloko we-IC (noma ijika lesici eliyinhloko), ukuchithwa kwamandla aphezulu, ubuningi bevoltheji yokusebenza, ububanzi befrikhwensi, namapharamitha ahlukahlukene okufakwayo nokuphumayo kwesignali afana nalawo e-IC yasekuqaleni.Ama-substitutes anamandla aphansi kufanele akhulise isinki sokushisa.
01
Ukushintshwa kohlobo olufanayo lwe-IC
Ukushintshwa kohlobo olufanayo lwe-IC ngokuvamile kunokwethenjelwa.Lapho ufaka isifunda se-PCB esihlanganisiwe, qaphela ukuthi ungenzi iphutha ekuqondeni, ngaphandle kwalokho, isifunda se-PCB esihlanganisiwe singashiswa lapho amandla evuliwe.Amanye ama-IC asemgqeni wesikhulisi samandla esisodwa anemodeli efanayo, umsebenzi, kanye nesici, kodwa isiqondiso sokuhleleka kwephinikhodi sihlukile.Isibonelo, isikhulisi samandla esineziteshi ezimbili i-ICLA4507 inamaphinikhodi “okuhle” kanye “negethivu”, futhi izimpawu zokuphina zokuqala (amachashazi anemibala noma imigodi) zisezindaweni ezihlukene: asikho isijobelelo futhi isijobelelo sithi ”R”, IC, njll., isibonelo i-M5115P ne-M5115RP.
02
Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwama-IC ngohlamvu lwesiqalo olufanayo nezinombolo ezihlukile
Inqobo nje uma imisebenzi yephini yalolu hlobo yokushintsha ifana ncamashi, isekethe ye-PCB yangaphakathi namapharamitha kagesi ahluke kancane, futhi angashintshwa ngokuqondile.Isibonelo: I-ICLA1363 ne-LA1365 zifakwa emsindweni, lokhu okulandelayo kungeza i-Zener diode ngaphakathi kwe-IC pin 5 kuneyangaphambili, kanti ezinye ziyafana ncamashi.
Ngokuvamile, uhlamvu lwesiqalo lubonisa umenzi kanye nesigaba sesekethe ye-PCB.Izinombolo ezilandela uhlamvu lwesiqalo ziyafana, futhi eziningi zazo zingashintshwa ngokuqondile.Kodwa kukhona futhi amacala ambalwa akhethekile.Nakuba izinombolo zifana, imisebenzi ihluke ngokuphelele.Isibonelo, i-HA1364 iwumsindo we-IC, futhi i-uPC1364 iyi-IC yokuqopha imibala;inombolo ingu-4558, iphinikhodi engu-8 iyi-amplifier yokusebenza i-NJM4558, kanti iphinikhodi engu-14 iyisekethe ye-PCB yedijithali ye-CD4558;ngakho-ke, kokubili akukwazi ukushintshwa nhlobo.Ngakho-ke kufanele sibheke umsebenzi wephini.
Abanye abakhiqizi bethula ama-IC chips angapakishiwe futhi bawacubungule abe yimikhiqizo eqanjwe ngemboni, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe imingcele ethile.Le mikhiqizo ivamise ukuqanjwa ngamamodeli ahlukene noma ihlukaniswe ngezijobelelo zamamodeli.Isibonelo, i-AN380 ne-uPC1380 zingashintshwa ngokuqondile, futhi i-AN5620, TEA5620, DG5620, njll. ingashintshwa ngokuqondile.
2. Ukushintshwa okungaqondile
Ukufaka esikhundleni okungaqondile kubhekisela endleleni lapho i-IC engakwazi ukushintshwa ngokuqondile kuyindlela yokuguqula kancane isekethe ye-PCB eseceleni, ukushintsha ukuhlelwa kwephinikhodi yasekuqaleni noma ukwengeza noma ukukhipha izingxenye ezingazodwana, njll., ukuyenza i-IC eshintshwayo.
Umgomo wokufaka esikhundleni: I-IC esetshenziswe esikhundleni ingase ihluke ku-IC yoqobo enezici ezihlukile zephini kanye nokubukeka okuhlukile, kodwa imisebenzi kufanele ifane nezici kufanele zifane;ukusebenza komshini wokuqala akufanele kuthinteke ngemva kokufaka esikhundleni.
01
Ukushintshwa kwama-IC apakishiwe ahlukene
Kuma-chip e-IC ohlobo olufanayo, kodwa anomumo wephakheji ohlukile, izikhonkwane zedivayisi entsha kuphela ezidinga ukubunjwa kabusha ngokuya ngokuma nokuhlelwa kwezikhonkwane zedivayisi yangempela.Isibonelo, isekethe ye-AFTPCB i-CA3064 ne-CA3064E, eyokuqala iyiphakeji eliyindilinga elinamaphini e-radial: eyokugcina iyiphakethe lepulasitiki elisemgqeni, izici zangaphakathi zazo zombili zifana ncamashi, futhi zingaxhunywa ngokuya nge pin umsebenzi.Imigqa ekabili i-ICAN7114, AN7115 kanye ne-LA4100, i-LA4102 ngokuyisisekelo ziyafana ngendlela yephakheji, futhi usinki wokuhola nokushisa kuhluke ncamashi okungu-180.Iphakheji eshiwo ngenhla ye-AN5620 ye-in-line 16-pin ene-heat sink kanye nephakheji ye-TEA5620 ekabili emgqeni we-18-pin.Izikhonkwane 9 kanye no-10 zitholakala ohlangothini lwesokudla lwesekethe ye-PCB ehlanganisiwe, okulingana nosinki wokushisa ongu-AN5620.Ezinye izikhonkwane zazo zombili zihlelwe ngendlela efanayo.Xhuma izikhonkwane zesi-9 nese-10 phansi ukuze uzisebenzise.
02
Imisebenzi yesekethe ye-PCB iyafana kodwa imisebenzi yephinikhodi ngayinye ihlukile esikhundleni se-lC
Ukushintshwa kungenziwa ngokuya ngemingcele ethile nemiyalo yohlobo ngalunye lwe-IC.Isibonelo, i-AGC kanye nesignali yevidiyo ephumayo ku-TV inomehluko phakathi kwe-polarity ephozithivu nenegethivu, inqobo nje uma i-inverter ixhumeke kutheminali yokuphumayo, ingashintshwa.
03
Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwama-IC ngepulasitiki efanayo kodwa imisebenzi yephinikhodi ehlukile
Lolu hlobo lokushintsha ludinga ukushintsha isekethe ye-PCB eseceleni kanye nokuhlelwa kwephini, okudinga ulwazi oluthile lwethiyori, ulwazi oluphelele, nolwazi olucebile olusebenzayo namakhono.
04
Ezinye izinyawo ezingenalutho akufanele zibekwe phansi ngaphandle kokugunyazwa
Ezinye izikhonkwane zokuhola kusekethe ye-PCB elinganayo yangaphakathi kanye nesekhethi ye-PCB yohlelo lokusebenza azimakwanga.Uma kukhona izikhonkwane zokuhola ezingenalutho, akufanele zisekelwe ngaphandle kokugunyazwa.Lezi zikhonkwane zomthofu ziyashintshana noma izikhonkwane eziyisipele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zibuye zisetshenziswe njengokuxhumana kwangaphakathi.
05
Ukushintshwa kwenhlanganisela
Ukushintsha okuhlanganisiwe kuwukuhlanganisa kabusha izingxenye zesekethe ze-PCB ezingalimele zama-IC amaningi emodeli efanayo zibe yi-IC ephelele ukuze kungene i-IC engasebenzi kahle.Isebenza kakhulu uma i-IC yoqobo ingatholakali.Kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi isekethe ye-PCB enhle ngaphakathi kwe-IC esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe nephinikhodi yokuxhumana.
Ukhiye wokushintsha okungaqondile ukuthola amapharamitha kagesi ayisisekelo ama-IC amabili ashintshwayo, isekethe ye-PCB elinganayo yangaphakathi, umsebenzi wephinikhodi ngayinye, kanye nobudlelwano bokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ze-IC.Qaphela ekusebenzeni kwangempela.
(1) Ukulandelana kwezinombolo kwezikhonkwane zesekethe ye-PCB akumele kuxhunywe ngokungalungile;
(2) Ukuze uvumelane nezici ze-IC eshintshiwe, izingxenye zesekethe ye-PCB eseceleni exhunywe kuyo kufanele ishintshwe ngokufanele;
(3) Amandla kagesi kufanele ahambisane ne-IC eshintshayo.Uma i-voltage yokuphakela amandla kusekethe ye-PCB yasekuqaleni iphezulu, zama ukwehlisa i-voltage;uma i-voltage iphansi, kuncike ekutheni i-IC esikhundleni ingasebenza yini;
(4) Ngemva kokushintshwa, ukusebenza kwamanje okuthule kwe-IC kufanele kulinganiswe.Uma i-current inkulu kakhulu kunevelu evamile, kusho ukuthi isifunda se-PCB singazijabulisa.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlukaniswa nokulungiswa kuyadingeka.Uma inzuzo ihlukile kokwasekuqaleni, ukumelana nokumelana nempendulo kungalungiswa;
(5) Ngemva kokushintshwa, okokufaka nokuphumayo kwe-IC kumele kufane nesekethe ye-PCB yasekuqaleni;hlola ikhono layo lokushayela;
(6) Sebenzisa ngokugcwele izimbobo zamaphini kanye nemikhondo ebhodini lesekethe le-PCB lokuqala lapho wenza izinguquko, futhi imikhondo yangaphandle kufanele icoceke futhi igweme ukuwela ngaphambili nangemuva, ukuze uhlole futhi uvimbele isekethe ye-PCB ekuzijabuliseni, ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela high-frequency self-excitation;
(7) Kungcono kakhulu ukuxhuma imitha yamanje ye-DC ochungechungeni kuluphu ye-Vcc kagesi ngaphambi kokukhanyisa, futhi ubheke ukuthi ingabe ukuguqulwa kwengqikithi yamanje yesekethe ye-PCB ehlanganisiwe ivamile yini ukusuka kokukhulu kuye kokuncane.
06
Faka esikhundleni i-IC ngezingxenye ezihlukene
Ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye ezihlukene zingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sengxenye eyonakele ye-IC ukuze kubuyiselwe umsebenzi wayo.Ngaphambi kokushintshwa, kufanele uqonde umgomo wangaphakathi wokusebenza we-IC, i-voltage evamile yephini ngalinye, umdwebo we-waveform kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wesekethe ye-PCB enezingxenye ze-peripheral.Futhi cabanga:
(1) Ukuthi isignali ingakhishwa yini emsebenzini C futhi ixhunywe kutheminali yokokufaka yesekethe ye-PCB ewumngcele:
(2) Ukuthi ingabe isignali ecutshungulwe yisekethe ye-PCB ewumngcele ingaxhunywa ezingeni elilandelayo ngaphakathi kwesekethe ye-PCB edidiyelwe ukuze iphinde icutshungulwe (ukufanisa isignali ngesikhathi sokuxhuma akufanele kuthinte imingcele nokusebenza kwayo okuyinhloko).Uma i-amplifier emaphakathi i-IC yonakalisiwe, kusukela kusekethe ye-PCB yohlelo lokusebenza evamile kanye nesekethe ye-PCB yangaphakathi, yakhiwe isikhulisi esimaphakathi somsindo, ukubandlululwa kwemvamisa kanye nokukhulisa imvamisa.Indlela yokufaka isignali ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ingxenye eyonakele.Uma ingxenye yeamplifier yomsindo yonakalisiwe, izingxenye ezihlukene zingasetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho.