Imishini yokuxhumana ye-5G ibhekene nezidingo eziphakeme mayelana nokusebenza, ubukhulu nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo, kanye namabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo anezingqimba eziningi, ngokuguquguquka kwawo okuhle kakhulu, izici ezincane nezilula kanye nokuguquguquka kokuklama okuphezulu, abe izingxenye ezibalulekile zokusekela imishini yokuxhumana ye-5G ukuze kuzuzwe i-miniaturization nokusebenza okuphezulu, okubonisa ububanzi obuningi bezicelo ezibalulekile emkhakheni wemishini yokuxhumana ye-5G.
一、Ukusetshenziswa kwebhodi lesifunda le-multilayer eliguquguqukayo kumishini yokuxhumana ye-5G
(一) Imishini yesiteshi sesisekelo
Eziteshini eziyisisekelo ze-5G, amabhodi wesekethe anezingqimba eziningi asetshenziswa kabanzi kumamojula e-RF. Ngenxa yokuthi iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G zidinga ukusekela amabhendi amafrikhwensi aphezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu, ukuklanywa kwamamojula e-RF kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokudluliswa kwesignali kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo yebhodi lesifunda kufuna kakhulu. Ibhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba eziningi eliguquguqukayo lingakwazi ukubona ukudluliswa okuphumelelayo kwamasiginali e-RF ngomklamo wesekethe onembile, futhi izici zalo ezigobekayo zingajwayelana nesakhiwo sendawo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesiteshi sesisekelo, konga isikhala ngempumelelo futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokusebenza. Isibonelo, engxenyeni yokuxhumana ye-antenna ye-base station, ibhodi lesekethe le-multi-layer flexible lingakwazi ukuxhuma ngokunembile amayunithi amaningi wezinti kumojula ye-RF yangaphambili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwamasignali okuzinzile nokusebenza okuvamile kothi.
Kumojula yamandla yesiteshi sesisekelo, ibhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba eziningi eliguquguqukayo nalo lidlala indima ebalulekile. Ingakwazi ukubona ukusatshalaliswa nokuphathwa kahle kokuphakelwa kukagesi, futhi ithuthe ngokunembile amandla amazinga kagesi ahlukene iwayise ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi ngesakhiwo solayini esiphusile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwempahla yesiteshi sesisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezincane nezikhanyayo zebhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba eziningi zisiza ekunciphiseni isisindo esiphelele semishini yesiteshi sesisekelo nokwenza lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa.
(二) Amathuluzi wetheminali
Kumafoni omakhalekhukhwini e-5G nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokugcina, amabhodi esekethe anezingqimba eziningi asetshenziswa kabanzi. Okokuqala, ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwebhodi lomama nesikrini sokubonisa, ibhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba eziningi lidlala indima ebalulekile yebhuloho. Ayikwazi ukubona kuphela ukudluliswa kwesignali phakathi kwebhodi lomama nesikrini sokubonisa, kodwa futhi ivumelane nezidingo zokuguquguquka kwefoni ephathekayo ngesikhathi sokugoqa, ukugoba nokunye ukusebenza. Isibonelo, ingxenye egoqayo yesikrini esigoqayo sefoni yeselula incike ezendlalelo eziningi zamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kwesibonisi kanye nebhodi lomama, iqinisekisa ukuthi isibonisi ngokuvamile singabonisa izithombe futhi samukele amasiginali wokuthinta esimweni esigoqiwe nesisombulukile.
Okwesibili, kumojula yekhamera, ibhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba eziningi lisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma inzwa yekhamera ebhodini lomama. Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamaphikseli ekhamera yeselula ye-5G kanye nemisebenzi eyandayo enothile, izidingo zejubane lokudluliswa kwedatha nokuzinza ziya ngokuya ziba phezulu. Ibhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba eziningi eliguquguqukayo linganikeza isiteshi sokudlulisa idatha esinesivinini esikhulu futhi esizinzile, futhi siqinisekise ukuthi izithombe ezinencazelo ephezulu namavidiyo athwetshulwe ikhamera angadluliselwa ngesikhathi futhi ngokunembile ebhodini lomama ukuze acutshungulwe.
Ukwengeza, mayelana nokuxhumeka kwebhethri kanye nokuxhumeka kwemojula yokuqaphela izigxivizo zeminwe yezingcingo eziphathwayo ze-5G, amabhodi wesekethe aguquguqukayo anezingqimba eziningi aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwamamojula ahlukahlukene asebenzayo ngokuguquguquka kwawo okuhle nokusebenza kukagesi, okuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile komklamo omncane futhi osebenzayo we-5G omakhalekhukhwini.
二、 Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zebhodi lesekethe le-multilayer flexible kumishini yokuxhumana ye-5G
（一）Ukusebenza kokudluliswa kwesignali
Isivinini esikhulu kanye nezici zokulibaziseka eziphansi zokuxhumana kwe-5G zibeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenza kokudluliswa kwesignali kwamabhodi wesekethe aguquguqukayo amaningi. Ibhodi lesifunda lidinga ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kakhulu kokudluliswa kwesignali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokunemba kwezimpawu ze-5G ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Lokhu kudinga ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusetshenziswa kokungaguquki kwe-dielectric ephansi, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-substrate materials, njenge-polyimide (PI), nokulawula okuqinile kobulukhuni bendawo yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukunciphisa ukuhlakazeka nokuboniswa kwenqubo yokudlulisa isignali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekwakhiweni komugqa, ngokuthuthukisa ububanzi, isikhala kanye nokumatanisa komugqa, ukudluliswa kwesignali ehlukile nobunye ubuchwepheshe kwamukelwa ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokudlulisa kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwesiginali, futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqinile zokuxhumana kwe-5G ukuze kudluliselwe isignali.
(二) Ukwethembeka nokuzinza
Imishini yokuxhumana ye-5G ngokuvamile idinga ukusebenza ngokuzinza isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke amabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo anezingqimba eziningi kufanele abe nezinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka nokuzinza. Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zemishini, kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokugoba okuningi, ukusonteka nokunye ukuguquguquka ngaphandle kokuphuka komugqa, i-solder joint falling kanye nezinye izinkinga. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula izinto eziguquguqukayo enqubweni yokukhiqiza, njengokugaya i-laser, i-electroplating, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina komugqa kanye nokuthembeka kokuxhuma. Mayelana nokusebenza kukagesi, kuyadingeka ukuba kube nokushisa okuhle nokumelana nomswakama, ukugcina ukusebenza kukagesi kuzinzile ezindaweni ezinokhahlo ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nomswakama ophezulu, nokugwema amaphutha afana nokudluliswa kwesignali okungavamile noma ukujikeleza okufushane okubangelwa izici zemvelo.
(三) Mncane futhi mncane
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuklama ze-miniaturization kanye nobuncane bemishini yokuxhumana ye-5G, amabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo anezendlalelo eziningi adinga ukunciphisa ngokuqhubekayo ukujiya nosayizi wawo. Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu, umklamo omncane kakhulu webhodi lesifunda ubonakala ngokusebenzisa izinto ze-substrate ezi-ultra-thin kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula umugqa omuhle. Isibonelo, ukushuba kwe-substrate kulawulwa ngaphansi kuka-0.05mm, futhi ububanzi nokuhlukaniswa komugqa kuyancishiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuminyana kwezintambo zebhodi lesifunda. Ngokuphathelene nosayizi, ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka komugqa nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuthuthukile, obufana nokupakishwa kwe-chip-level (CSP) kanye nokupakishwa kwezinga lesistimu (SiP), izingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi zihlanganiswa endaweni encane ukuze kuzuzwe miniaturization yamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo anezingqimba eziningi, ahlinzeke izimo zomklamo omncane nolula wemishini yokuxhumana ye-5G.
Amabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo we-Multilayer anezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezibalulekile kumishini yokuxhumana ye-5G, kusukela kumishini yesiteshi sesisekelo kuya kumishini yokugcina, ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokusekelwa kwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zemishini yokuxhumana ye-5G, amabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo anezingqimba eziningi abhekene nezidingo eziqinile zobuchwepheshe ngokusebenza kokudluliselwa kwesignali, ukwethembeka nokuzinza, ukukhanya kanye ne-miniaturization.