Nezve PCB dhizaini uye dambudziko rewaya, nhasi hatisi kuzotaura nezve chiratidzo chekuvimbika ongororo (SI), electromagnetic kuenderana ongororo (EMC), simba kuvimbika ongororo (PI).Kungotaura nezve manufacturability analysis (DFM), iyo isina musoro dhizaini yekugadzira inozotungamira mukukundikana kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa.
Yakabudirira DFM muPCB dhizaini inotanga nekuseta dhizaini mitemo yekuzvidavirira kune zvakakosha zvipingaidzo zveDFM.Mitemo yeDFM inoratidzwa pazasi inoratidza mamwe emazuva ano dhizaini anogona kuwanikwa nevazhinji vagadziri.Ita shuwa kuti iyo miganho yakaiswa muPCB dhizaini mitemo haityore kuitira kuti yakawanda yakajairwa dhizaini zvirambidzo zvigone kuve nechokwadi.
Dambudziko reDFM rePCB routing rinotsamira pane yakanaka PCB marongerwo, uye mitemo yenzira inogona kugadzikiswa, kusanganisira nhamba yekukombama nguva dzemutsara, huwandu hwemaburi ekuitisa, nhamba yematanho, nezvimwe. Kazhinji, wiring yekuongorora inotakurwa. kunze kwekutanga kubatanidza mitsetse mipfupi nekukurumidza, uye ipapo labyrinth wiring inoitwa.Global routing nzira optimization inoitwa pawaya dzinofanirwa kuiswa pekutanga, uye re-waya inoyedzwa kuvandudza mhedzisiro uye DFM manufacturability.
1.SMT zvishandiso
Iyo nzvimbo yedhizaini yedhizaini inoenderana nezvinodiwa negungano, uye kazhinji yakakura kupfuura 20mil yemidziyo yakamisikidzwa pamusoro, 80mil yeIC zvishandiso, uye 200mi yeBGA zvishandiso.Kuti uvandudze mhando uye goho rekugadzirwa kwemaitiro, nzvimbo yemudziyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa negungano.
Kazhinji, chinhambwe chiri pakati pemaSMD pads emapini emudziyo chinofanira kunge chakakura kudarika 6mil, uye huwandu hwekugadzira bhiriji rekutengesa solder i4mil.Kana kureba pakati SMD Mapedhi iri isingasviki 6mil uye chinhambwe pakati solder hwindo iri isingasviki 4mil, zambuko solder haigoni kuchengetwa, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu guru solder (kunyanya pakati pepini) mugungano muitiro, izvo zvichatungamirira. kudunhu diki.
2.DIP mudziyo
Iyo pini spacing, kutungamira uye nzvimbo yemidziyo iri pamusoro peave solder process inofanirwa kuverengerwa.Kusakwana kwepini kupatsanurwa kwechigadzirwa kunotungamira kune solder tin, izvo zvinotungamira kupfupi dunhu.
Vazhinji vagadziri vanodzikisira kushandiswa kwe-in-line zvishandiso (THTS) kana kuzviisa kune rimwe divi rebhodhi.Nekudaro, zvishandiso zve-in-line kazhinji hazvidzivisike.Panyaya yekusanganiswa, kana iyo in-line mudziyo ukaiswa pamusoro pedenga uye chigamba chishandiso chakaiswa pazasi, mune dzimwe nguva, chinozokanganisa single-side wave soldering.Muchiitiko ichi, nzira dzinodhura dzekushongedza, dzakadai sekusarudza welding, dzinoshandiswa.
3.kureba pakati pezvikamu uye mupendero weplate
Kana iri muchina welding, chinhambwe chiri pakati pezvikamu zvemagetsi uye kumucheto kwebhodhi kazhinji 7mm (vakasiyana vanogadzira welding vane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana), asi inogona zvakare kuwedzerwa muPCB kugadzirwa kwemupendero, kuitira kuti zvinhu zvemagetsi zvigone kuve. yakaiswa paPCB board kumucheto, chero bedzi iri nyore kune wiring.
Zvisinei, kana mupendero weplate wakasungirirwa, unogona kusangana negwara remakina uye kukuvadza zvikamu.Iyo dhizaini padhi pamucheto weplate ichabviswa mukugadzira maitiro.Kana iyo padhi idiki, iyo welding mhando ichakanganiswa.
4.Distance yepamusoro / yakaderera michina
Kune marudzi akawanda ezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvimiro zvakasiyana, uye mitsara yakasiyana-siyana yekutungamirira, saka pane kusiyana kwekugadzirisa nzira yemapuranga akadhindwa.Kurongeka kwakanaka hakungoite kuti muchina ugadzikane kuita, kuvhunduka chiratidzo, kuderedza kukuvadzwa, asi zvakare unogona kuwana yakatsvinda uye yakanaka mhedzisiro mukati memuchina.
Zvishandiso zvidiki zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa pane imwe chinhambwe zvakatenderedza midziyo yakakwirira.Iyo mudziyo kureba kune mudziyo kureba reshiyo idiki, kune isina kuenzana yekupisa wave, iyo inogona kukonzera njodzi yekushata welding kana kugadzirisa mushure mekunama.
5.Device kuti mudziyo spacing
Muzhinji smt processing, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise zvimwe zvikanganiso mukukwira kwemuchina, uye funga nezve nyore kwekuchengetedza uye kuongorora kwekuona.Izvo zvikamu zviviri zviri pedyo hazvifanirwe kunge zviri pedyo zvakanyanya uye imwe nzvimbo yakachengeteka inofanira kusiiwa.
Iyo nzvimbo pakati pezvikamu zveflake, SOT, SOIC uye flake zvikamu ndeye 1.25mm.Iyo nzvimbo pakati pezvikamu zveflake, SOT, SOIC uye flake zvikamu ndeye 1.25mm.2.5mm pakati pePLCC uye flake zvikamu, SOIC neQFP.4mm pakati pePLCCS.Paunenge uchigadzira zvigadziko zvePLCC, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kubvumira hukuru hwePLCC socket (iyo PLCC pini iri mukati mepasi pechigadziko).
6.Mutsara wakafara / mutsara kureba
Kune vagadziri, mukugadzirisa kwekugadzira, hatigoni kungofunga nezvekururama uye kukwana kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, pane chirambidzo chikuru ndiyo nzira yekugadzira.Hazvibviri kuti fekitari yebhodhi igadzire mutsva wekugadzira mutsara wekuzvarwa kwechigadzirwa chakanaka.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, hupamhi hwemutsara wemutsara wepasi hunodzorwa kusvika 4/4mil, uye gomba rinosarudzwa kuva 8mil (0.2mm).Chaizvoizvo, vanopfuura 80% yevagadziri vePCB vanogona kugadzira, uye mutengo wekugadzira ndiwo wakaderera.Iyo shoma mutsetse upamhi uye mutsara kureba inogona kudzorwa kusvika 3/3mil, uye 6mil (0.15mm) inogona kusarudzwa kuburikidza negomba.Chaizvoizvo, vanopfuura 70% PCB vagadziri vanogona kuigadzira, asi mutengo wakakwira zvishoma pane yekutanga kesi, kwete yakanyanya kukwirira.
7.An acute Angle / Right Angle
Sharp Angle routing kazhinji inorambidzwa muwaya, yekurudyi Angle routing inowanzodikanwa kudzivirira mamiriro ePCB routing, uye yatove imwe yemayero ekuyera kunaka kwewaya.Nekuti kutendeseka kwechiratidzo kunokanganisa, iyo yekurudyi-kona wiring inoburitsa yakawedzera parasitic capacitance uye inductance.
Mukuita kwePCB kugadzira ndiro, waya dzePCB dzinopindirana paAcute Angle, zvinokonzeresa dambudziko rinonzi acid Angle.In pcb redunhu etching link, yakawandisa ngura pamusoro pcb redunhu kuchakonzerwa panguva "acid Angle", zvichiita kuti pcb redunhu rakapotsa kuputsa dambudziko.Naizvozvo, mainjiniya ePCB anofanirwa kudzivirira makona akapinza kana asinganzwisisike muwaya, uye chengetedza 45 degree Angle pakona yewaya.
8.Copper strip/chitsuwa
Kana iri mhangura yakakura yakakwana yechitsuwa, ichava antenna, iyo inogona kukonzera ruzha uye kumwe kupindira mukati mebhodhi (nokuti mhangura yaro haina kudzika - ichava muunganidzi wechiratidzo).
Mitsara yemhangura uye zvitsuwa zvakawanda zvakati sandara zvemhangura inoyangarara yakasununguka, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mamwe matambudziko akakomba mumugero weasidhi.Nzvimbo diki dzemhangura dzave dzichizivikanwa kutyora PCB pani uye kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatemerwa pane pani, zvichikonzera pfupi pfupi.
9.Hole mhete yemakomba ekuchera
Mhete yegomba inoreva mhete yendarira yakatenderedza gomba rekuboorera.Nekuda kwekushivirira mukuita kwekugadzira, mushure mekuchera, etching, uye copper plating, iyo yakasara mhete yemhangura yakatenderedza gomba rekuchera haigaro rova pakati pepakati pedhi zvakakwana, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti mhete yegomba iparare.
Rimwe divi rering yegomba rinofanira kunge rakakura kudarika 3.5mil, uye ring-in yeburi ring inofanira kunge yakakura kudarika 6mil.Mhete yegomba idiki zvakanyanya.Mukugadzira uye kugadzira, gomba rekuchera rine kushivirira uye kurongeka kwemutsara kunewo kushivirira.Kutsauka kwekushivirira kuchaita kuti mhete yegomba iparadze dunhu rakazaruka.
10.Madonhwe emisodzi e wiring
Kuwedzera misodzi kuPCB wiring kunogona kuita kuti kuwirirana kwedunhu paPCB bhodhi kugadzikane, kuvimbika kwepamusoro, kuitira kuti hurongwa huve hwakagadzikana, saka zvakakosha kuwedzera misodzi kubhodhi redunhu.
Kuwedzerwa kwemadonhwe emisodzi kunogona kudzivirira kubviswa kwenzvimbo yekubatana pakati pewaya nepedhi kana waya uye gomba rekutyaira apo bhodhi redunhu rinobatwa nechisimba chekunze.Paunenge uchiwedzera madonhwe emisodzi kune welding, inogona kuchengetedza padhi, kudzivirira kuwanda kwakawanda kuita kuti padhi iwire pasi, uye kudzivirira kusaenzana etching uye kutsemuka kunokonzerwa negomba kutsauka panguva yekugadzira.
