1.mkulu-kachulukidwe interconnect (hdi) osindikizidwa dera matabwa (pcbs) akuimira kwambiri patsogolo luso lazopakapaka pakompyuta, kuwapangitsa apamwamba chigawo chimodzi ndi bwino ntchito magetsi poyerekeza pcbs ochiritsira. ukadaulo wa hdi umagwiritsa ntchito ma microvias, ma vias akhungu, ndi ma vias okwiriridwa okhala ndi ma diameter omwe amakhala pansi pa ma microns 150, kulola kuti ma multilayer stacking ndikuchepetsa kuwerengera kosanjikiza. Zomangamangazi zimachepetsa utali wa ma sigino, zimakulitsa kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha kudzera munjira zowongolera, komanso zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency apamwamba mpaka ma millimeter-wave opitilira 100 ghz. kuchepetsedwa kudzera mu utali wa stub mu mapangidwe a HD kumachepetsanso kuwunikira kwa ma siginecha, kofunika kwambiri pamawonekedwe a digito othamanga kwambiri monga pcie 5.0 ndi ddr5.

2.Njira zazikulu zopangira zikuphatikiza kubowola kwa laser ndi ma UV kapena co2 lasers kuti apange microvia, kukwaniritsa magawo mpaka 1: 1, ndikuzungulira motsatizana ndi makina osindikizira otsika kuti mupewe njala ya utomoni. njira zapamwamba zomangira monga kudzazidwa ndi electroplating yamkuwa zimatsimikizira kuti zilibe kanthu kudzera mwa kudzaza, pomwe njira zowonjezera zowonjezera (sap) zimathandizira kutsata m'lifupi ngati 25 microns. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma dielectric otayika pang'ono monga epoxy yosinthidwa, polyphenylene ether (ppe), kapena polima yamadzimadzi (lcp), yokhala ndi dielectric constants (dk) pansi pa 3.5 pa 10 ghz ndi zinthu zotayira (df) pansi pa 0.005. kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe amayankhidwa kudzera mu vias wodzazidwa ndi mkuwa wokhala ndi matenthedwe ofikira mpaka 400 w/mk, ndi magawo otenthetsera ophatikizira ma aluminium nitride kapena boron nitride fillers, kuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mphambano kumakhalabe kosachepera 125 ° c pamagalimoto.

3.ma hdi pcbs amawonetsa mawonekedwe apamwamba a electromagnetic compatibility (emc) chifukwa cha njira zokhazikika zoyambira, monga masanjidwe a-mu-pad ndi magawo ophatikizika a capacitance, amachepetsa ma radiation a electromagnetic interference (emi) ndi 15-20 db poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe opangidwa ndi fr4. Kulingalira kwapangidwe kumapereka mphamvu zowongolera zolepheretsa, nthawi zambiri 50 ohms ± 5% pamagulu osiyanitsa mu 25-56 gbps, ndi malamulo olondola a m'lifupi/mipata pansi pa ma microns 50/50 a mabwalo a rf. Kuponderezana kwapang'onopang'ono kumatheka kudzera m'mafunde a coplanar okhazikika ndikusunthidwa kudzera makonzedwe, kuchepetsa kulumikizana mpaka kuchepera -40 db.

4.automated Optical inspection (aoi) yokhala ndi 5-micron resolution, x-ray tomography ya 3d void analysis, ndi time-domain reflectometry (tdr) yokhala ndi 10-ps kukwera nthawi ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zotsimikizira khalidwe. njira izi kuzindikira microvia zolakwika monga chosakwanira plating kapena misregistration pansipa 20 microns. ntchito zimatenga 5g zazikulu za mimo antenna zofunikira 20-wosanjikiza hdi stacks, zipangizo zachipatala zoikidwa ndi biocompatible soldermask, magalimoto lidar modules ndi 0.2-mm pitch bgas, ndi satana payloads misonkhano mil-prf-31032 kalasi 3 mfundo zodalirika.

5.Zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu zimayang'ana kwambiri pazigawo zotsika kwambiri zochepera 0.3 mm, zomwe zimafuna kusanjidwa kwa laser molunjika (dls) pamatanthauzidwe a mzere wa 15-micron, komanso kuphatikiza kophatikiza kophatikiza kophatikiza kwa si photonics kapena gan kufa. Kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe kumayendetsa kafukufuku wazinthu zopanda halogen zokhala ndi kutentha kwa magalasi (tg) kupitirira 180 ° c, ndi malo opanda lead amatha kumaliza ngati nickel electroless electroless palladium kumizidwa golide (enepig), mogwirizana ndi malangizo a rohs 3. Kuphatikizika kwa mafakitale 4.0 kumathandizira kuwunika kwa nthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito malo osambira opangidwa ndi iot, pomwe makina ophunzirira makina ophunzitsidwa pazithunzi za 10,000+ microvia amakwaniritsa kulondola kwa 99.3%. ukadaulo wa hdi ukupitiliza kuthandizira kuchepetsa kukula kwa 30-50% pamagetsi osunthika ndikusunga zokolola zopitilira 98.5% kudzera pamagetsi osinthika a laser ndi makanema otulutsa opangidwa ndi nano-coated kuchepetsa kubowola smear.