Hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no, immersion kub thiab kub plating yog cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo, dav siv los txhim kho cov khoom zoo nkauj, tiv thaiv corrosion, conductivity thiab lwm yam khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv nqi ntawm ob txoj haujlwm no. Kev nkag siab tob txog qhov sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov lag luam los xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, tswj cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab txhim kho kev lag luam kev sib tw.

Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab tus nqi pib

Cov txheej txheem kub plating, feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov tshuaj kub plating, yog txheej txheem uas siv tshuaj oxidation-txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tso cov txheej kub ntawm cov tooj liab ntawm cov khoom siv substrate, xws li PCB board. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tias nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas muaj kub ntsev, kub ions raug txo los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab uniformly tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub substrate. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tas yuav muaj qhov tam sim no sab nraud, yog qhov me me, thiab muaj cov kev cai yooj yim rau cov khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem kub plating yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tsis xws li muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab pH tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo thiab thickness uniformity ntawm txheej kub. Vim tias cov txheej txheem kub kub qeeb qeeb, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov txheej kub uas xav tau, uas ua rau qee qhov nce lub sijhawm.

Cov txheej txheem kub plating yog ua tiav los ntawm txoj cai ntawm electrolysis. Nyob rau hauv electrolytic cell, lub workpiece yuav tsum tau kho yog siv raws li cathode thiab kub raws li lub anode, thiab muab tso rau hauv lub electrolyte uas muaj kub ions. Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los, kub ions nce electrons ntawm cathode, txo mus rau kub atoms thiab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tso cov txheej kub kub sai sai rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece, thiab cov khoom siv tau zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem electrolysis yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, uas muaj kev xav tau siab ntawm qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, kev yuav khoom thiab kev saib xyuas cov khoom siv kuj nce ntxiv raws li.

Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv kub

Hais txog cov nyiaj kub siv, cov txheej txheem kub plating feem ntau yuav tsum tau kub ntau dua. Vim tias kub plating tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheej kub kub, nws cov thickness ntau yog feem ntau ntawm 0.1 thiab 2.5μm. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov kub txheej tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem kub sinking yog thinner. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm PCB boards, lub thickness ntawm cov kub txheej nyob rau hauv lub kub plating txheej txheem yog feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.05-0.15μm. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm lub thickness ntawm txheej kub, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kub yuav tsum tau rau cov txheej txheem kub plating nce linearly. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm electrolysis, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tas mus li ntawm cov nyiaj tso nyiaj ions thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov nyhuv electroplating, cov concentration ntawm kub ions hauv electrolyte yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm ib theem, uas txhais tau hais tias ntau cov ntaub ntawv kub yuav tsum tau noj thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kub muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm ob txheej txheem. Vim yog cov khoom kub me me uas siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kub kub, qhov kev hloov pauv tus nqi kuj me me thaum ntsib kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi kub. Raws li rau cov txheej txheem kub plating, uas tso siab rau cov ntaub ntawv kub, kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi kub yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau nws cov nqi. Piv txwv li, thaum tus nqi kub thoob ntiaj teb nce siab heev, tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem kub plating yuav nce sai heev, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov lag luam.

Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm

Cov khoom siv uas xav tau rau cov txheej txheem kub kub yog qhov yooj yim, feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ntsuas kub thiab lwm yam. Vim yog cov txheej txheem ruaj khov, cov kev cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau tsom rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev hloov kho cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab cov nqi ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kev cob qhia kuj tsawg.

Cov txheej txheem kub plating yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom siv lim dej thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Cov cuab yeej no tsis tsuas yog kim, tab sis kuj siv hluav taws xob ntau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ua rau muaj kev poob qis thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntau rau cov khoom siv. Lub caij no, cov txheej txheem electrolysis muaj kev tswj hwm nruj heev rau cov txheej txheem tsis, xws li tam sim no ceev, voltage, electroplating lub sij hawm, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem zoo nrog txheej kub. Qhov no xav kom cov neeg ua haujlwm kom muaj kev txawj ntse thiab kev nplua nuj, thiab ob qho tib si tus nqi ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev pab tib neeg yog tus siab heev.

Lwm yam kev xav txog tus nqi

Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, tseem muaj qee qhov lwm yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nqi ntawm ob txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab kev saib xyuas hauv cov txheej txheem kub plating, yuav tsum muaj ntau yam tshuaj reagents. Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov reagents no kuj qis dua li cov ntaub ntawv kub, nws tseem muaj nuj nqis rau kev siv nyiaj ntau hauv lub sijhawm ntev. Ntxiv mus, cov dej khib nyiab tsim thaum lub sij hawm kub deposition txheej txheem muaj cov hlau hnyav thiab tshuaj lom neeg, uas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kev kho mob kom tau raws li ib puag ncig tiv thaiv paug cov qauv. Tus nqi kho dej khib nyiab tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej ib yam.

Thaum lub sij hawm electroplating txheej txheem ntawm kub plating, cov teeb meem ntawm cov txheej kub zoo yuav tshwm sim vim cov txheej txheem tsis raug, xws li adhesion tsis txaus ntawm txheej kub thiab tsis sib xws thickness. Thaum cov teeb meem no tshwm sim, cov workpieces feem ntau yuav tsum tau rov ua dua, uas tsis yog tsuas yog nce cov khoom siv thiab cov nqi sijhawm tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kub plating muaj qhov xav tau siab rau qhov chaw tsim khoom. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj xyuas qhov huv thiab ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab av noo ntawm lub rhiav, uas tseem yuav ua rau cov nqi tsim khoom nce mus rau qee yam.

Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem kub kub thiab cov txheej txheem kub plating. Thaum cov tuam txhab xaiv cov txheej txheem, lawv tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li tus nqi. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog tej yam xws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, qhov ntau lawm, thiab kev ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv loj-scale ntau lawm tej yaam num uas tus nqi tswj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, yog hais tias cov khoom tsis muaj tshwj xeeb high yuav tsum tau rau lub thickness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm kub txheej, tus nqi kom zoo dua ntawm cov kub dab dej txheej txheem yog heev pom tseeb. Rau qee cov khoom siv high-end, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv aerospace, cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab cov tsos yog siab heev. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem kub plating yog kim, cov tuam txhab tseem tuaj yeem xaiv cov txheej txheem no kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom zoo. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev hnyav ntau yam khoom lag luam tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem kev xaiv tsim nyog rau lawv tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.