Mu nganda zigezweho, kwibiza zahabu na zahabu ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura hejuru, bukoreshwa cyane mugutezimbere ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, kurwanya ruswa, ubwikorezi nibindi bintu. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro rikomeye muburyo bwigiciro cyibikorwa byombi. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse gutandukanya bifite akamaro kanini kubigo guhitamo neza, kugenzura ibiciro byumusaruro, no kunoza isoko.

Amahame yimikorere nishingiro ryibiciro

Igikorwa cyo gutunganya zahabu, ubusanzwe kivuga kuri zahabu ya shimi, ni inzira ikoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa okiside igabanya igice cya zahabu hejuru yumuringa wibikoresho bya substrate, nkubuyobozi bwa PCB. Ihame nuko mubisubizo birimo umunyu wa zahabu, ion zahabu zigabanywa binyuze mubintu bigabanya kandi bigashyirwa hamwe hejuru yubutaka. Iyi nzira ntabwo isaba amashanyarazi yo hanze, iroroshye, kandi ifite ibyangombwa byoroshye kubikoresho. Nyamara, uburyo bwo gufata zahabu bisaba kugenzura neza ibipimo nkibigize, ubushyuhe, na pH agaciro k igisubizo kugirango harebwe ubwiza nubunini buringaniye bwa zahabu. Bitewe nuburyo buhoro buhoro bwo kurohama kwa zahabu, hasabwa igihe kinini cyo gutunganya kugirango ugere ku mubyimba wa zahabu wifuzaga, ku buryo runaka byongera igihe.

Inzira yo gufata zahabu igerwaho ahanini binyuze mu ihame rya electrolysis. Muri selile ya electrolytike, igihangano kizakoreshwa gikoreshwa nka cathode na zahabu nka anode, bigashyirwa muri electrolyte irimo ion zahabu. Iyo amashanyarazi anyuze, ion zahabu yunguka electron kuri cathode, igabanuka kuri atome ya zahabu hanyuma igashyirwa hejuru yakazi. Iyi nzira irashobora kubitsa byihuse igipimo cya zahabu igereranije hejuru yakazi, kandi umusaruro urakabije. Nyamara, inzira ya electrolysis isaba ibikoresho byihariye byo gutanga amashanyarazi, bifite ibyifuzo byinshi kubisobanuro byuzuye kandi bihamye. Nkigisubizo, kugura no gufata neza ibikoresho nabyo byiyongera uko bikwiye.

Itandukaniro ryibiciro byo gukoresha ibikoresho bya zahabu

Ukurikije ingano ya zahabu yakoreshejwe, uburyo bwo gufata zahabu mubisanzwe bisaba zahabu nyinshi. Kuberako isahani ya zahabu ishobora kugera kumurongo wa zahabu ugereranije, uburebure bwayo buri hagati ya 0.1 na 2,5 mm. Ibinyuranye, urwego rwa zahabu rwabonetse muburyo bwo kurohama zahabu ni rworoshye. Kurugero, mugukoresha imbaho za PCB, ubunini bwurwego rwa zahabu mugikorwa cyo gufata zahabu muri rusange ni 0.05-0.15 mm. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwubugari bwurwego rwa zahabu, ubwinshi bwibikoresho bya zahabu bisabwa mugutunganya zahabu byiyongera kumurongo. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cya electrolysis, kugirango harebwe itangwa ryama ion yo kubitsa hamwe ningaruka zingaruka za electroplating, kwibanda kwa ion zahabu muri electrolyte bigomba gukomeza kurwego runaka, bivuze ko ibikoresho byinshi bya zahabu bizakoreshwa mugihe cyo gukora.

Byongeye kandi, ihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho bya zahabu bigira ingaruka zitandukanye kubiciro byibikorwa byombi. Bitewe numubare muto wibikoresho bya zahabu bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kurohama zahabu, ihinduka ryibiciro ni rito mugihe uhuye nihindagurika ryibiciro bya zahabu. Kubijyanye na plaque ya zahabu, ishingiye cyane kubikoresho bya zahabu, ihindagurika ryose mubiciro bya zahabu bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byaryo. Kurugero, mugihe igiciro mpuzamahanga cya zahabu kizamutse cyane, ikiguzi cyibikorwa byo gutunganya zahabu kiziyongera byihuse, bitange igitutu kinini cyibiciro ku bigo.

Kugereranya ibikoresho nibiciro byakazi

Ibikoresho bisabwa muburyo bwo kurohama zahabu biroroshye cyane, harimo cyane cyane ikigega cya reaction, sisitemu yo kuzenguruka igisubizo, igikoresho cyo kugenzura ubushyuhe, nibindi. Igiciro cyambere cyo kugura ibyo bikoresho ni gito, kandi mugihe cyo gukora burimunsi, amafaranga yo kubungabunga nayo ntabwo ari menshi. Bitewe nuburyo butajegajega, ibisabwa bya tekiniki kubakoresha byibanda cyane cyane kugenzura no guhindura ibipimo byibisubizo, kandi amafaranga yo guhugura abakozi ni make.

Igikorwa cyo gutunganya zahabu gisaba ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byihariye, bikosora, ibigega bitanga amashanyarazi, hamwe na sisitemu yo kuyungurura no kuzenguruka hamwe nibindi bikoresho. Ibi bikoresho ntabwo bihenze gusa, ahubwo binatwara amashanyarazi menshi mugihe gikora, bigatuma guta agaciro kwinshi hamwe nigiciro cyo gukoresha ingufu kubikoresho. Hagati aho, inzira ya electrolysis ifite uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura ibipimo ngenderwaho, nk'ubucucike buriho, voltage, igihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi, n'ibindi. Gutandukana kwaribintu byose bishobora gutera ibibazo byiza hamwe na zahabu. Ibi birasaba abashoramari kugira ubumenyi buhanitse kandi bafite uburambe bukomeye, kandi ikiguzi cyamahugurwa yintoki hamwe nabakozi ni kinini.

Ibindi bitekerezo

Mu musaruro nyirizina, haracyari ibindi bintu bimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka kubiciro byombi. Kurugero, mugikorwa cyo gutegura igisubizo no kubungabunga mugikorwa cyo gufata zahabu, harasabwa imiti itandukanye yimiti. Nubwo igiciro cyiyi reagent kiri munsi ugereranije nibikoresho bya zahabu, iracyafite amafaranga menshi mugihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, amazi y’amazi atangwa mugihe cyo kubika zahabu arimo ibyuma biremereye hamwe n’ibintu bya shimi, bisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye kugira ngo hubahirizwe ibipimo byo kurengera ibidukikije. Igiciro cyo gutunganya amazi mabi ntigishobora kwirengagizwa.

Mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya zahabu, ibibazo bijyanye nubwiza bwa zahabu bishobora kugaragara bitewe nigenzura ridakwiye, nko kudahuza neza kwa zahabu nubunini butaringaniye. Iyo ibyo bibazo bimaze kugaragara, ibihangano bikenera gukenera gusubirwamo, ntabwo byongera ibiciro byigihe gusa ahubwo birashobora no gutuma umusaruro ugabanuka. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gufata zahabu bufite ibisabwa cyane kubidukikije. Birakenewe kubungabunga isuku nubushyuhe butajegajega nubushuhe bwamahugurwa, nabyo bizamura igiciro cyumusaruro kurwego runaka.

Hariho itandukaniro ryinshi mubiciro hagati yuburyo bwo kurohama kwa zahabu hamwe no gutunganya zahabu. Iyo ibigo bihisemo inzira, ntibishobora guca imanza zishingiye kubiciro. Bakeneye kandi gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu nkibisabwa mu bicuruzwa, igipimo cy’umusaruro, hamwe n’isoko rihagaze. Mu mishinga minini y’umusaruro aho kugenzura ibiciro bifite akamaro kanini, niba ibicuruzwa bidafite ibisabwa cyane cyane kubyimbye no kwambara birwanya urwego rwa zahabu, inyungu yikiguzi cyo kurohama zahabu iragaragara. Kubicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nkibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo mu kirere, ibisabwa mu gukora ibicuruzwa no kugaragara ni byinshi cyane. Nubwo inzira yo gutunganya zahabu ihenze, ibigo birashobora guhitamo iki gikorwa kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byiza. Gusa mugupima byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye birashobora gukora imishinga ihitamo inzira ikwiranye niterambere ryabo kandi ikanagura neza-ikiguzi.