Emkhiqizweni wesimanje, ukucwiliswa kwegolide nokufakwa kwegolide kuyindlela evamile yokwelashwa kwendawo, esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ubuhle bomkhiqizo, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuhanjiswa kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Nokho, kunomehluko omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwezindleko zalezi zinqubo ezimbili. Ukuqonda okujulile kwalo mehluko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amabhizinisi akhethe izinqubo ngokunengqondo, alawule izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe.
Izimiso zenqubo kanye nesisekelo sezindleko
Inqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide, imvamisa ibhekisela ekufakweni kwegolide kwamakhemikhali, kuyinqubo esebenzisa ukusabela kokunciphisa i-oxidation ngamakhemikhali ukuze kufakwe ungqimba lwegolide endaweni yethusi yezinto ezingaphansi, njengebhodi le-PCB. Isimiso siwukuthi esixazululweni esiqukethe usawoti wegolide, ama-ion egolide ancishiswa nge-ejenti ethile yokunciphisa futhi afakwe ngokufanayo ebusweni be-substrate. Le nqubo ayidingi umsinga wangaphandle, imnene uma iqhathaniswa, futhi inezidingo ezilula zemishini. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide idinga ukulawula okunembile kwemingcele efana nokwakheka, izinga lokushisa, kanye nenani le-pH lesixazululo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokujiya okufanayo kongqimba lwegolide. Ngenxa yenqubo yokucwiliswa kwegolide ehamba kancane, isikhathi eside sokucubungula siyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe ukujiya kongqimba lwegolide olufunekayo, okuthi ngokwezinga elithile kukhuphule izindleko zesikhathi.
Inqubo yegolide yokucwenga itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngomgomo we-electrolysis. Engqamuzaneni ye-electrolytic, i-workpiece ezophathwa isetshenziswa njenge-cathode negolide njenge-anode, futhi ifakwa ku-electrolyte equkethe ama-ion egolide. Lapho amandla kagesi edlula, ama-ion egolide azuza ama-electron ku-cathode, ancipha abe ama-athomu egolide bese efakwa phezu kwendawo yokusebenza. Le nqubo ingafaka ngokushesha ungqimba lwegolide oluwugqinsi olungaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ye-electrolysis idinga imishini ekhethekile yokuphakelwa kwamandla, enezidingo eziphezulu zokunemba nokuzinza kwemishini. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zokuthenga nezokugcina izisetshenziswa nazo zikhuphuka ngokufanele.
Umehluko wezindleko zokusetshenziswa kwempahla yegolide
Mayelana nenani legolide elisetshenzisiwe, inqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide ngokuvamile idinga igolide elengeziwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ucwecwe lwegolide lungafinyelela ungqimba lwegolide oluwugqinsi uma kuqhathaniswa, ububanzi balo bokujiya buvamise ukuba phakathi kuka-0.1 no-2.5μm. Ngokuphambene, ungqimba lwegolide olutholwe inqubo yokucwilisa igolide luncane. Isibonelo, ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhodi e-PCB, ukujiya kongqimba lwegolide enqubweni yokucwecwa kwegolide kuvame ukuba ngu-0.05-0.15μm. Ngokukhula kogqinsi longqimba lwegolide, inani lempahla yegolide edingekayo enqubweni yokucwecwa kwegolide liyakhula ngokomugqa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi senqubo ye-electrolysis, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwama-ion ediphozithi kanye nokuzinza komphumela we-electroplating, ukugxila kwama-ion egolide ku-electrolyte kudinga ukugcinwa ezingeni elithile, okusho ukuthi izinto eziningi zegolide zizosetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto zegolide kunamazinga ahlukene omthelela ezindlekweni zezinqubo ezimbili. Ngenxa yenani elincane uma kuqhathaniswa lezinto zegolide ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokucwiliswa kwegolide, ukuguqulwa kwezindleko kuncane uma kubhekene nokuguquguquka kwentengo yegolide. Ngokuqondene nenqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide, ethembele kakhulu ezintweni zegolide, noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kwenani legolide kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zakhona. Isibonelo, uma intengo yegolide yamazwe ngamazwe ikhuphuka kakhulu, izindleko zenqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide zizokhuphuka ngokushesha, kube nengcindezi enkulu yezindleko kumabhizinisi.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zemishini nezabasebenzi
Izinto ezidingekayo zenqubo yokucwilisa igolide zilula uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ithangi lokusabela, uhlelo lokuzungeza isixazululo, idivayisi yokulawula izinga lokushisa, njll. Izindleko zokuthenga zokuqala zalezi zixhobo ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi phakathi nokusebenza kwansuku zonke, izindleko zokunakekela nazo aziphezulu. Ngenxa yenqubo ezinzile, izidingo zobuchwepheshe zama-opharetha zigxile kakhulu ekuqapheni nasekulungiseni imingcele yesixazululo, futhi izindleko zokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ziphansi kakhulu.
Inqubo yokucwenga igolide idinga izinsiza ezikhethekile zamandla e-electroplating, izihlungi, amathangi e-electroplating, kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlunga nokujikeleza nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Lawa madivayisi awabizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi asebenzisa inani elikhulu likagesi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuholela ekwehleni okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini. Khonamanjalo, inqubo ye-electrolysis inezidingo zokulawula eziqine ngokwedlulele zamapharamitha wenqubo, njengokuminyana kwamanje, i-voltage, isikhathi se-electroplating, njll. Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka kunoma iyiphi ipharamitha kungase kuholele ezinkingeni zekhwalithi ngongqimba lwegolide. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ama-opharetha abe namakhono aphezulu ochwepheshe nolwazi olucebile, futhi kokubili izindleko zokuqeqeshwa ngezandla kanye nezinsiza zabantu ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
Okunye ukucatshangelwa kwesici sezindleko
Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, kusekhona ezinye izici ezingathinta izindleko zezinqubo ezimbili. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lokulungiswa kwesisombululo kanye nokugcinwa kwenqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide, kudingeka ama-reagents amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Nakuba izindleko zalawa ma-reagents ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezezinto zegolide, zisalingana nezindleko ezinkulu esikhathini eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeka igolide aqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo nezinto zamakhemikhali, ezidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga okukhishwa kokuvikela imvelo. Izindleko zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile azinakuzitshwa nazo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide ye-electroplating, izinkinga zekhwalithi yongqimba lwegolide zingase zenzeke ngenxa yokulawulwa kwenqubo okungalungile, njengokunamathela okwanele kongqimba lwegolide nokushuba okungalingani. Uma lezi zinkinga sezenzekile, ama-workpieces ngokuvamile adinga ukusetshenzwa kabusha, okungagcini nje ngokunyusa izindleko zempahla nesikhathi kodwa futhi okungase kuholele ekwehleni kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yegolide yokucwenga inezidingo eziphezulu zemvelo yokukhiqiza. Kuyadingeka ukugcina ukuhlanzeka nokushisa okuzinzile kanye nomswakama we-workshop, okuzophinde kwandise izindleko zokukhiqiza ngezinga elithile.
Kunomehluko omningi ezindlekweni phakathi kwenqubo yokucwila igolide kanye nenqubo yokucwecwa kwegolide. Lapho amabhizinisi ekhetha izinqubo, awakwazi nje ukwahlulela ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni. Kudingeka futhi bacabangele kabanzi izici ezifana nezidingo zokusebenza komkhiqizo, isikali sokukhiqiza, kanye nokuma kwemakethe. Emaphrojekthini amakhulu wokukhiqiza lapho ukulawulwa kwezindleko kubaluleke kakhulu, uma umkhiqizo ungenazo izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuqina nokumelana nokugqokwa kongqimba lwegolide, inzuzo yezindleko zenqubo yokucwila igolide isobala impela. Kweminye imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu, efana nemishini kagesi ye-aerospace, izimfuneko zokusebenza komkhiqizo nokubukeka ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngisho noma inqubo yokucwenga igolide ibiza, amabhizinisi asengakhetha le nqubo ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu zemikhiqizo. Kuphela ngokuhlolisisa ngokucophelela izici ezihlukahlukene amabhizinisi angakwazi ukwenza izinqumo zenqubo ezifanele ukuzithuthukisa futhi andise ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko.