Kwimveliso yanamhlanje, ukuntywiliselwa kwegolide kunye nokufakwa kwegolide ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lomphezulu, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuphucula imveliso yobuhle, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuqhuba kunye nezinye iipropathi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwisakhiwo seendleko zezi nkqubo zimbini. Ukuqonda nzulu lo mahluko kubaluleke kakhulu kumashishini ukukhetha iinkqubo ngokufanelekileyo, ukulawula iindleko zemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwimarike.
Imigaqo yenkqubo kunye nesiseko seendleko
Inkqubo yokufakwa kwegolide, ehlala ibhekisa kwimichiza yegolide, yinkqubo esebenzisa iikhemikhali zokunciphisa i-oxidation-reduction reactions ukufaka umaleko wegolide kumphezulu wobhedu wesubstrate material, njengebhodi yePCB. Umgaqo-siseko kukuba kwisisombululo esiqulethe iityuwa zegolide, i-ion zegolide ziyancitshiswa nge-agent ethile yokunciphisa kwaye ifakwe ngokufanayo kumphezulu we-substrate. Le nkqubo ayifuni umsinga wangaphandle, ilula, kwaye ineemfuno ezilula kakhulu kwisixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide ifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweeparamitha ezinjengokwakheka, ubushushu, kunye nexabiso le-pH yesisombululo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokulingana kobungqingqwa bomaleko wegolide. Ngenxa yokucotha kwenkqubo yokutshona kwegolide, ixesha elide lokusetyenzwa liyafuneka ukuze kuphunyezwe ubungqingqwa obunqwenelekayo bomaleko wegolide, othi ukusa kumlinganiselo othile wonyuse iindleko zexesha.
Inkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide ifumaneka ikakhulu ngomgaqo we-electrolysis. Kwiseli ye-electrolytic, i-workpiece ekufuneka iphathwe isetyenziswe njenge-cathode kunye negolide njenge-anode, kwaye ifakwe kwi-electrolyte ene-ion zegolide. Xa umsinga wombane udlula, ii-ion zegolide zifumana ii-electron kwi-cathode, ziyancitshiswa zibe ziiathom zegolide kwaye zifakwe kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza. Le nkqubo inokukhawuleza ifake umaleko wegolide ongqindilili kumphezulu womsebenzi, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ye-electrolysis idinga izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokubonelela umbane, ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zokuthenga nokugcina izixhobo nazo zinyuka ngokufanelekileyo.
Umahluko weendleko zokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli yegolide
Ngokubhekiselele kubungakanani begolide esetyenzisiweyo, inkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide idla ngokufuna igolide eninzi. Ngenxa yokuba ukucakwa kwegolide kunokufikelela kwingqimba engqindilili yokubekwa kwegolide, ububanzi bayo buphakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-2.5μm. Ngokwahlukileyo, umaleko wegolide ofunyenwe yinkqubo yokutshona kwegolide uncinci. Umzekelo, ekusetyenzisweni kweebhodi zePCB, ubukhulu bomaleko wegolide kwinkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide ngokuqhelekileyo bujikeleze i-0.05-0.15μm. Ngokunyuka kobunzima bomaleko wegolide, isixa sezinto zegolide ezifunekayo kwinkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide sanda ngokomgca. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electrolysis, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukubonelela ngokuqhubekayo kwee-ion zediphozithi kunye nokuzinza kwempembelelo ye-electroplating, ukuxinwa kwee-ion zegolide kwi-electrolyte kufuneka kugcinwe kwinqanaba elithile, oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ezininzi zegolide ziya kusetyenziswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ukongezelela, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lezinto zegolide kunamaqondo ahlukeneyo empembelelo kwiindleko zeenkqubo ezimbini. Ngenxa yesixa esincinci sezinto zegolide ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo yokutshona kwegolide, utshintsho lwexabiso luncinci xa lujongene nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso egolide. Ngokuphathelele inkqubo yegolide, exhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto zegolide, nakuphi na ukuguquguquka kwexabiso legolide kuya kuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwiindleko zayo. Umzekelo, xa ixabiso legolide lamazwe ngamazwe linyuka ngokukhawuleza, ixabiso lenkqubo yokuhombisa igolide liza kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, libeka uxinzelelo olubi kakhulu kumashishini.
Ukuthelekiswa kwezixhobo kunye neendleko zabasebenzi
Izixhobo ezifunekayo kwinkqubo yokucwila kwegolide zilula, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa itanki yokusabela, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwesisombululo, isixhobo sokulawula ubushushu, njl njl. Ixabiso lokuqala lokuthengwa kwezi zixhobo liphantsi, kwaye ngexesha lokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla, iindleko zokulondoloza nazo aziphezulu. Ngenxa yenkqubo ezinzileyo, iimfuno zobugcisa kubaqhubi zijolise ikakhulu esweni kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweeparamitha zesisombululo, kwaye iindleko zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi ziphantsi.
Inkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide ifuna izixhobo zombane ezikhethekileyo zokufakelwa kwe-electroplating, izixhobo zokulungisa, iitanki zokucoca i-electroplating, kunye neenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokuhluza kunye nokujikeleza kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ezi zixhobo azibizi nje kuphela, kodwa ziphinda zisebenzise umbane omkhulu ngexesha lokusebenza, okubangelwa ukuhla kwexabiso eliphezulu kunye neendleko zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwisixhobo. Okwangoku, inkqubo ye-electrolysis ineemfuno zolawulo ezingqongqo kakhulu kwiiparamitha zenkqubo, ezifana noxinaniso lwangoku, amandla ombane, ixesha le-electroplating, njl. Oku kufuna ukuba abaqhubi babe nezakhono eziphezulu zobungcali kunye namava atyebileyo, kwaye zombini iindleko zoqeqesho lwezandla kunye nezibonelelo zabasebenzi ziphezulu kakhulu.
Okunye ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko
Kwimveliso yangempela, kusekho ezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela iindleko zeenkqubo ezimbini. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwesisombululo kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo yegolide yegolide, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ziyafuneka. Nangona iindleko zezi reagents zingaphantsi kunezemathiriyeli zegolide, zisalingana neendleko ezinkulu kwixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, amanzi amdaka avelisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide anezinyithi ezinzima kunye neekhemikhali, ezifuna unyango olukhethekileyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo. Iindleko zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka azinakuhoywa nazo.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakwa kwe-electroplating yokubekwa kwegolide, iingxaki ezinomgangatho wegolide zinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yolawulo olungafanelekanga lwenkqubo, njengokuncamathela okwaneleyo komgangatho wegolide kunye nobukhulu obungalinganiyo. Nje ukuba ezi ngxaki zithe zenzeka, ii-workpieces zihlala zifuna ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha, nto leyo enganyusi nje iindleko zemathiriyeli kunye nexesha kodwa inokukhokelela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwemveliso. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide ineemfuno eziphezulu zommandla wemveliso. Kuyimfuneko ukugcina ukucoceka kunye nobushushu obuzinzile kunye nomswakama we-workshop, eya kwandisa iindleko zemveliso ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
Kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi kwiindleko phakathi kwenkqubo yokutshona kwegolide kunye nenkqubo yokubekwa kwegolide. Xa amashishini ekhetha iinkqubo, akakwazi nje ukugweba ngokusekelwe kwindleko. Kananjalo kufuneka baqwalasele ngokubanzi imiba efana neemfuno zokusebenza kwemveliso, isikali semveliso, kunye nokuma kwemarike. Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zemveliso apho ulawulo lweendleko lubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba imveliso ayinayo iimfuno eziphezulu zobunzima kunye nokumelana nokunxiba komgangatho wegolide, inzuzo yeendleko zenkqubo yokutshona kwegolide ibonakala ngokucacileyo. Kwezinye iimveliso eziphezulu, ezifana nezixhobo zombane ze-aerospace, iimfuno zokusebenza kwemveliso kunye nenkangeleko ziphezulu kakhulu. Nokuba inkqubo yokuhombisa igolide inexabiso elikhulu, amashishini asenokukhetha le nkqubo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikumgangatho ophezulu weemveliso. Kuphela ngokuvavanya ngokubanzi imiba eyahlukeneyo apho amashishini anokuthi enze ukhetho lwenkqubo olulungele uphuhliso lwawo kwaye lwandise ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.